Exploring Rutaceae Family By-pass Products as Sustainable Alternative to Straw Production

Introduction

Plastic straws are a major contributor to ocean pollution, breaking down into harmful micro plastics that persists for centuries (Jambeck et al., 2015; NOAA, 2018), This study explores Rutaceae fruit peels—such as orange, pomelo and lemon as a sustainable alternative. Research shows citrus waste can be converted into bioplastics, reducing plastic reliance (Lateef 2015; Cai et al., 2020).

With growing interest in the green composites, utilizing agricultural waste can help combat plastic pollution while promoting sustainability (George, 2021). Increasing investments in eco-friendly materials offer a promising path toward a greener future.

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the factors that may affect the production of bio-plastic straws?

1.1 Glucose content;

1.2 pH level or citric content;

1.3 Lignin content and;

1.4 Starch Content

2. Factors that may affect the effectiveness of the bio-plastic straws

2.1 Solubility

2.2 Elasticity and;

2.3 Strength

Methodology

This study employed an experimental research design to explore the potential of Rutaceae fruit peels as an alternative material for straw production. The primary materials used in the experiment included orange and lemon peels, starch, glucose, water and fiber wool. These components were processed and formulated to develop a biodegradable straw prototype. The research focused on assessing the feasibility, durability and environmental impact of the produced straws, providing insights into their potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional plastic straws. Observations and assessments were conducted throughout the process to determine the effectiveness of the material composition and it's viability for practical use.

Results and Discussion

1. Viability of Rutaceae fruit peels

Considering such characteristics as the absence of lignin, it can be noted that the peel of Rutaceae fruits can be used as a raw material for the production of bio-plastics because it contains natural lignin compatible with other bioplastic components such as starch and glycerine.

2. Role of Each Factor

On the other hand, glycerine makes the end product more flexible while on the other hand it may reduce the structural strength of the final product.

The increment of starch from 10% to 20% significantly increases strength and elastcity of the bio-plastic, so adding of this ingredient is critical for the production of durable materials.

Lignin enhances mechanical properties and water resistance, and at the same time, make the material more biodegradable. Crosslinking density is enhanced by citric acid, resulting in improved mechanical strength and low solubility.

3. Optimal Composition

An optimum formulation requires a balanced mixture of glycerine level of about 10-15%, starch of about 20%, lignin of about 6-8% and citric acid of about 6-8% for the synthesis of best bioplastic straws that will reasonable strength, flexibility and water resistance.

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