There are 14,259 occurrences of monitoring in the HE Corpus.
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Refresh the website if the graphics are not shownMonitoring occurs mostly in documents published in Europe, followed by Asia, North America and Africa with comparatively smaller contributions. Overall, the top five contributors in terms of occurrences are IGO, NGO, NGO_Fed, RC and State organisations.
IGO documents provide the greatest number of occurrences, primarily from activity reports and general document published in Europe, followed by North America and Africa. Occurrences from NGO were mostly obtained from activity reports from Europe and Asia. Occurrences from NGO_Fed were mostly found in European activity reports.
Occurrences from RC were obtained primarily from European and African activity reports with minor contributions from European general documents and African strategy documents. Lastly, State also generates a considerable number of occurrences from European, Asian and North American activity reports.
Monitoring is a continuous and systematic process of self-assessment throughout the life of the operation, which involves collecting, measuring, recording and analysing information (including data disaggregated by gender and age) on all the activities in progress and the results achieved.
Monitoring is a continuing function that uses systematic collection of data on specified indicators to provide management and the main stakeholders of an ongoing development intervention with indications of the extent of progress and achievement of objectives and progress in the use of allocated funds (DAC).
Human rights monitoring is a broad term describing the active collection, verification and use of information to address human rights concerns.
Contextual analysis identified 8 parent concepts of monitoring, namely activity, service, management, system, operation, skill, mechanism and mechanism.
In its efforts to further enhance the rule of law in the country, the Mission has for many years been working closely with certain domestic organizations, developing their capacity for activities such as monitoring, reporting, lobbying and providing legal aid.
In addition, ODI offers consultancy services that include monitoring and evaluation and the development and delivery of tailored training courses, as well as expertise in communications and knowledge management.
This includes strengthening the capacity of civil servants in the formulation and management (e.g., monitoring and evaluation) of development projects aimed at strengthening administrative functions.
Gender priorities were embedded in human resources, programme planning, results monitoring and other core systems, and these efforts will be maintained over the long term.
Headquarters programs support relates to expenses incurred at headquarters in order to carry out MAGNA humanitarian operations (e.g. project design, monitoring and evaluation, recruitment of international staff, activities designed to improve the quality and effectiveness of MAGNA operations).
Much of our emphasis has been about supporting partner capacity and skills to manage projects more effectively, and encouraging the development of new skills such as risk management, monitoring and evaluation and cross-cutting areas such as gender, disability and child protection.
Thus, collaborative mechanisms such as joint planning, implementation, supervision and monitoring were developed together with the DHO and community members (through grass roots health committees).
based on continuance/timescale
on-going monitoring
continuous monitoring
regular monitoring
real-time monitoring
timely monitoring
based on approach
systematic monitoring
independent monitoring
participatory monitoring
results-based monitoring
consistent monitoring
active monitoring
operational monitoring
qualitative monitoring
public monitoring
continual monitoring
strategic monitoring
constant monitoring
based on location
field monitoring
border monitoring
based on monitoring agent & monitored subject
independent detention monitoring
based on monitored subject
project monitoring
programme monitoring
detention monitoring
impact monitoring
election monitoring
budget monitoring
financial monitoring
internal monitoring
national monitoring
international monitoring
community monitoring
technical monitoring
media monitoring
risk monitoring
border monitoring
activity monitoring
policy monitoring
viral load monitoring
based on monitoring agent
joint monitoring
internal monitoring
community monitoring
OHCHR monitoring
media monitoring
IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre) monitoring
external monitoring
government-led monitoring
ICRC monitoring
third-party monitoring
WFP (Word Food Programme) monitoring
based on compliance/result
performance monitoring
protection monitoring
outcome monitoring
SDG (sustainable development goals) monitoring
result monitoring
human right monitoring
water quality monitoring
urban plan monitoring
food security monitoring
child growth monitoring
government legitimacy monitoring
based on quality/adequacy/resource intensity
effective monitoring
good monitoring
rigorous monitoring
strong monitoring
proper monitoring
adequate monitoring
strict monitoring
intensive monitoring
quality monitoring
based on event/issue
post-distribution monitoring
disaster monitoring
trail monitoring
drought monitoring
disease monitoring
ex-post monitoring
armed violence monitoring
post distribution monitoring
Frequent words that accompany a term are known as collocates. A given term and its collocates form collocations. These can be extracted automatically based on statistics and curated manually to explore interactions with concepts.
Comparisons over time between organisation types with the greatest number of words (IGO, NGO, NGO_Fed, RC and State organisations) proves to be meaningful. Below is an histogram for the top yearly collocation for each of the five organisations with the greatest contribution as well as across all organisation types.
All across the 5 analysed organisations, evaluation clearly dominates as top collocate with monitoring. Other top overall collocates include standard-setting, benchmark and qualitative.
IGO documents contain basin-wide as top collocate for 2017, followed closely by evaluation for 2009. Other IGO top collocates include benchmark, standard-setting, careful, HFA (Hyogo Framework for Action), real-time, government-led, round, SMM (Special Monitoring Mission) and routine.
NGO documents generated CFS (Child Friendly School) as top collocate with the highest score for 2015, followed by Shule Yetu. It is worth mentioning that, although with comparatively lower scores, evaluation also topped 8 years in the 2005-2019 period. Other NGO top collocates include terminante, documentation and conducted.
Collocation data from NGO_Fed shows IHQ (International Headquarters of the Salvation Army) for 2018, followed by viral in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Other NGO_Fed top collocates include documentation, evaluation and supervisor.
In RC documents, third-party recorded the highest collocational score in 2015. With lower scores, evaluation appears as top collocate for multiple years. Other RC collocations include warning, continuous, supervision and real-time.
State documents generated ex-post as the top overall collocate, recorded in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Evaluation was also found as top collocate in the 2007-2010, although with a much lower score. Other State top collocates include global, data, surveillance, real-time, continuous and compliance.
Organisation subcorpora present unique and shared collocations with other organisation types. Unique collocations allow to discover what a particular organisation type says about monitoring that others do not.
Top unique collocates for IGO include round, investigation, standard-setting, enforcement, OHCHR, SDG (Sustainable Development Goal), peer, fact-finding, benchmark and MDG (Millennium Development Goal).
NGO documents feature trip, checklist, CFS (Child Friendly School), selection, continual, groundwater, substantive, on-site, facilitation and intensive.
NGO_Fed unique collocates with the highest scores are viral, load, NERP (Nutrition, education, rehabilitation program), supervisor, OPAS, Kindernothilfe, institutionalise, web-based, standardise and IHQ (International Headquarters of the Salvation Army).
Documents from RC generated the following top unique collocates: recalibrate, ascertain, exception, retain, first-hand, prefer, coherent, ZPCS (Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services), RRC (Residential and Rehabilitation Centre) and institutionalise.
Unique collocates for State include ex-post, periodical, apparatus, in-year, BTC (the Belgian Development Agency), volcano, directorate, lab, monsoon and forest.
Shared collocations allow to discover matching elements with organisations talk about monitoring. These constitute intersections between subcorpora.
Top collocates shared by 2 organisation types are verification (NGO+IGO), seismic (State+IGO), third-party (RC+NGO), trial (NGO+IGO), corresponding (RC+NGO_Fed), observation (NGO+IGO) and auditing (State+NGO).
Top collocates shared by 3 organisation types include participatory (NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), surveillance (State+NGO+IGO), results-based (RC+NGO+IGO), forecasting (State+NGO+IGO), post-distribution (RC+NGO+IGO), measurement (NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), careful (NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO) and exercise (RC+NGO+IGO).
Top collocates shared by 4 organisations are systematic (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), real-time (State+RC+NGO+IGO), documentation (State+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), periodic (State+RC+NGO+IGO), constant (State+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), quarterly (State+RC+NGO_Fed+NGO), detention (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), oversight (State+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO) and warning (State+RC+NGO+IGO).
Top collates shared by all organisations analysed (State+RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO) include evaluation, supervision, continuous, reporting, implementation, regular, rigorous, planning, routine, follow-up, system, mechanism, tool, framework and ongoing.
Verb collocates are useful in determining key relations between concepts. On the left is a diagram that represents verbs of which monitoring is the subject (in green) and the object (in pink).
At first sight, monitoring collocates with verbs more frequently as an object than as a subject. This indicates that humanitarian actors describe monitoring focusing on the following dimensions:
operation (undertake, conduct, provide)
process design (develop)
collaboration (support)
improvement (improve, strengthen)
description (include, be)
As an object, monitoring collocates with many verbs, albeit with fewer occurrences but distributed more evenly. It appears that humanitarians use monitoring as an object to describe:
description (be, include, have)
results (reveal, confirm, show)
benefits (serve, help, provide)
Please note that nouns may be erroneously detected as verbs. This is the case for visit in this extraction of verb collocations.
Short term funding of project affect (sic) sustainability, monitoring and risks the relapse of the problems being mitigated.
The American Red Cross is able to track and integrate social media comments from a disaster-affected area into response decision-making. The problem with data monitoring is that the sheer volume of data needs to be converted into timely and actionable information.
The weakening of monitoring contributes to various problems from the embezzlement of funds to destabilization of the political situation in the local areas and more other obstacles.
The chart below represents the distribution of monitoring between 2005 and 2019 in terms of the number of occurrences and relative frequency of occurrences. It also allows you to view the distribution across Regions, Organisations and Document types.
The relative frequency of a concept compares its occurrences in a specific subcorpora (i.e. Year, Region, Organisation Type, Document Type) to its total number of occurrences in the entire HE corpus. This indicates how typical a word is to a specific subcorpus and allows to draw tentative comparisons between subcorpora, e.g. Europe vs Asia or NGO vs IGO. You can read these relative frequencies as follows:
Relative frequency is expressed as a percentage, above or below the total number of occurrences, which are set at 100%. This measure is obtained by dividing the number of occurrences by the relative size of a particular subcorpus.
Under 100%: a word is less frequent in a subcorpus than in the entire corpus. This is means that the word is not typical or specific to a given subcorpus.
100%: a word is as frequent in a subcorpus as it is in the entire corpus.
Over 100%: a word is more frequent in a subcorpus than in the entire corpus. This means that the word in question is typical or specific to a given subcorpus.
As an author, you may be interested to explore why a concept appears more or less frequently in a given corpus. This may be related to the concept's nature, the way humanitarians in a given year, region, organisation type or document type use the concept, or the specific documents in the corpus and subcorpora itself. To manually explore the original corpus data, you can consult "contexts", or the search the corpus itself.
Occurrences of monitoring were highest in 2016. However, 2005 saw the highest relative frequency with 370%.
Europe generated the greatest number of occurrences but ranks third in terms of relative frequency with 87%. Africa obtained the highest relative frequency with 199% with comparatively fewer occurrences.
The top 5 organisation types with the highest relative frequency of monitoring are Project, Net, IGO, C/B and State.
Activity reports provided the greatest number of occurrences. However, Strategy documents obtained the highest relative frequency with 187%.
This shows trends for monitoring and its plural form in the vast Google Books corpus, which gives you a general idea of the evolution of the term in English books between 1950 and 2019. Values are expressed as a percentage of the total corpus instead of occurrences.
Please note that this is not a domain-specific corpus. However, it provides an overview of monitoring across domains.
Monitoring increased steadily until 1993. It then decreased slightly to similar values obtained in 1977.
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