Distribution by Region

Distribution by Organisation Type, Document Type, Region and Year

Integrated approach occurs mostly in documents published in Europe, followed by North America, Asia, Africa and Oceania with comparatively smaller contributions. Overall, the top five contributors in terms of occurrences are NGO, IGO, NGO_Fed, RC and State organisations.

NGO, IGO, NGO_Fed, RC and State documents provide the greatest number of occurrences, primarily from activity reports published in Europe.

Integrated approach ...

• has no clear definition

• applies to many aspects of humanitarian work

• generally has a target domain

  • which is the priority (health, intervention, conflict, etc.)

• has integrated elements

  • which are combined to improve results (e.g., nutrition + education + sport)

• can be monothematic

  • where targets and elements are in the same area: health care (target), maternal, newborn, child health (elements)

• can be cross-thematic

  • where targets/elements are distinct humanitarian areas: health, education, livelihood

  • the integration of which can be poorly explained

• can integrate activities

  • animal husbandry + gardening

  • equipment distribution + providing safety + treating malnourished infants

• can integrate administrative activities

  • human resources + finance + communication + collaboration

• can integrate stakeholders

  • community + school + local government

• can integrate timescales

  • acute needs + long-term recovery

• is also referred to as integration

  • in a narrow sense

  • with integrated being a common modifier for activities (integrated development, management, etc.)

• is considered necessary

  • increasingly for future objectives

  • to improve results

  • for many areas, development being the most common

• is phrased as something organisations believe in

• has benefits & objectives

  • to address systemic failure, underlying issues

  • increased efficiency, impact

  • accounting for a complex reality

  • for resilience, conflict prevention, vulnerability, etc.

• has challenges

  • implementation

  • slow, difficult transitions

  • practical constraints in the field

  • tracking expenditures, reporting

• has an unclear meaning

  • with no common understanding

  • being a buzzword that can distract from action

  • being reflected in current terminology (e.g., disaster risk reduction) which may become outdated

• overlaps with similar concepts

  • integrated response

  • holistic approach

  • comprehensive approach

  • multi-sector approach

• is contrasted with other approaches

  • which tend to have a narrower focus

  • silo approach (which is purely negative)

  • sector-based & issue-focused approaches (which are sometimes negative)

In 2008, I decided that the United Nations would adopt an "integrated approach" to multidimensional country operations to maximize the strategic coherence and collaboration of United Nations operations. Integration, defined as an "effective strategic partnership" between the United Nations mission (whether political or peacekeeping) and the humanitarian country team, with strengthened country-level planning arrangements, aims to ensure that the Organization works together and with States to enable the greatest positive impact in conflict and postconflict situations.

An integrated approach for Cordaid means working to put in place our three cornerstones:

security and justice [....]

governance and services [....]

economic opportunities [....]

In spite of the difficult circumstances and socio-cultural constraints, thanks to the integrated approach of different elements (medical, psychosocial, legal) in the fight against sexual violence, many victims have agreed to break their silence and bring their cases to court.

The ultimate goal of the PRISMA project, which is based on an integrated approach to health care, is to improve Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) in Haiti's Artibonite region.

In these countries, we work according to an integrated approach, combining longterm development, advocacy and emergency preparedness and response.

Supply chain management is an integrated approach to logistics. Starting with the choice of commodity, it includes sourcing, procurement, quality assurance, packaging, shipping, transportation, warehousing, inventory management and insurance.

She also got necessary technical assistance from the CLEVE project staff and from the Department of Fisheries and Livestock. This joint effort made her project profitable. In April 2015 she started an integrated approach with two swans, four hens, two sheep, etc and homestead based vegetables cultivation.

The team is taking an integrated approach, balancing the immediate, acute needs of displaced families with the support communities will need for long-term recovery.

With an integrated approach that brought community (e.g. young fellows, community elites etc), school (e.g. students, teachers, SMCs), local government and law enforcing agencies together, this model has formed works at three tiers for each school: (a) student groups, (b) community SVAG (stop violence against girls) committee, and (c) school SVAG committee consisting of teachers and school management committee (SMC) members.

Integration of all level of stakeholders i.e. individual, family, society, institutions/organizations for establishing rights and dignity of the targeted people in the community is the essence of the community development approach.

From 1980s and until the present time, major trend is integration of right based approach and along with advocacy.

In 2009, the trend towards integration or comprehensive approaches – the linking between humanitarian and political goals – continued in the UN and other international organisations.

We will encourage integration not just within the health system, but a holistic multi-sectoral approach that also encompasses the social determinants of health.

The chart below represents the distribution of integrated approach between 2005 and 2019 in terms of the number of occurrences and relative frequency of occurrences. It also allows you to view the distribution across Regions, Organisations and Document types.

• social, environmental challenges

• poverty, dignity, protecting nature

• peace-building

• planning, preparedness, response

• humanitarian and development aid

• housing, sanitation, livelihood

• services for victims of torture

• poverty

• sanitation, waste water management

• accountability

• UN configuration

• humanitarian, peace, development actors

• humanication action, development cooperation

• food crisis, vulnerability

• HIV

• aid, food insecurity, crisis

• hunger reduction

• coordination, food security, nutrition

• development

• innovation, science, technology

• international system

• social protection

• sustainability

• sustainable development goals

• development, security, governance, human rights

• disaster risk management

• child health

• sustainable development goals

• development

• increase impact, sustainability

• systemic deficiencies, capacity, sustainability

• education

• conflict

• malaria

• vulnerability, livelihood

• development, disaster risk management

• total system failure

• development

• policy

• development

• human rights, tenure

• health care

• urban planning

In GOAL, we believe that an integrated-programme approach to the underlying causes of poverty and vulnerability delivers maximum benefits for individuals and communities.

Consequently, there is a need for comprehensive and integrated approaches across the international system where different actors (humanitarian, development, military) need to work simultaneously to address different but complementary objectives.

The human development approach therefore considers sustainability as a matter of distributional equity both within and across generations. Human Development Reports have consistently advanced this integrated approach to sustainability. The human development approach reiterates that sustainable development is much broader than the protection of natural resources and the environment; that environmental degradation exerts larger, unequal impacts on poor, marginalized and vulnerable people; and that climate change affects the people and countries the most that have least contributed to it.

An integrated approach to sanitation and waste water management, including its collection, treatment, monitoring and reuse, is essential not only to prevent water-related disease but also to combat ecosystem degradation.

As a recent review by the Centre for Internet and Society (McDonald, 2016) found, such efforts “invite the problems of digital systems into the most fragile and vulnerable environments in the world”. Three in particular stand out, as outlined below. The first is narrow technocratic solutions. There are already concerns that much resilience work leads to risks being thought about, anticipated and planned in highly narrow and simplistic fashion. In the extreme, this means siloed responses to the risks that are most obvious and easily visible (such as flood barriers for floods, fire safety for fires, generators for power failures), instead of integrated approaches that seek to deal with the possibility of cascading or total system failure. Innovation for resilience, despite the promise to enable new systemic approaches, tends to sit within these silos rather than disrupting them.

In a presidential statement (S/PRST/2010/14), the Council, inter alia, recognized the increased material, human and financial resources required by peacekeeping operations over the past decade and acknowledged the potential benefits and efficiencies that could be achieved through an integrated approach to preventing conflicts.

Agencies could seek to work with governments to adopt integrative approaches that address underlying vulnerabilities, such as increasing the availability of social welfare grants and social protection, providing basic services to urban areas and creating more secure livelihood opportunities.

When focusing on a specific issue, it is easier to implement a project and the results are more straightforward. The downside is that it is impossible to cover all aspects of the urban complexity and adverse effects elsewhere may not be addressed. An integrated approach on the other hand is slow and difficult, but it makes it possible to take into account the ins and outs of a complex reality. And it almost automatically leads to new ways of thinking and innovative solutions. Over the past two decades governance interventions and infrastructure projects have made headway by taking into account the complexity of urban systems. These lessons may be useful for local governments when implementing the New Urban Agenda, which was adopted at Habitat III.

More specifically, there is a growing sense that integrated approaches to disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) can enhance the work of the two primary UN contributors – the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). While few observers dispute the desirability of integration in principle, many practical constraints confront integrated missions on the ground. In the two countries where integrated approaches to DDR are being piloted – Haiti and Sudan – interventions recently stalled. Despite the elaboration of comprehensive guidelines to help navigate the process, there appears to be comparatively little consensus on how integration should be defined, or how it can be operationalised. The 'new reality' of integration has been a hard pill to swallow.

However, despite the general recognition of the value of integrated planning and action for DRR and the existence of appropriate institutions and legislation on CCA and development, most countries admit that implementing integrated approaches, especially at the local level is a challenge.

For many donors who take an integrated approach to conflict, governance and poverty reduction, it is hard to disaggregate these expenditures and therefore there can be substantial differences between what is reported to the DAC and what appears in ¢gures used nationally. 2.1.5 How much humanitarian assistance is there in addition to that reported by the DAC?

The national report from Cambodia puts it succinctly stating: "There is no common understanding of multi-sector integration approaches and lack of comprehensive understanding of disaster risk reduction and vulnerability reduction [by] development agencies." Linkages with poverty reduction and national MDG strategies are a rarity. Only Australia, Iran and New Zealand report substantial achievements whereas the remaining 10 countries see themselves between 2 "some progress" and 3 "commitment attained". One of the obstacles is that the inclusion of DRR objectives in development or sector plans is not always followed up by dedicated budgetary, department/ agency or business plans. In addition some of these initiatives are small-scale pilots that need yet to be translated into policy and institutional commitment.

There is no easy solution, but the more UK government departments talk solely to themselves about time-bound 'targets', models of statehood and 'integrated approaches', the more difficult it will be to achieve a peaceful settlement that matches the expectations of the Afghan people.

'Disaster risk reduction' reflects today's holistic thinking and integrated approaches to the disaster problem, but it too will become outdated in time.

Integrated response

By using complementary and integrated approaches, ICLA and shelter programming have been included as new core activities in our Uganda operation. Our aim will be to strengthen our urban refugee programming and respond to the shelter needs of the daily influx of refugees from South Sudan.

The enormity and the rapid pace of change necessitate decisive and coherent action on many fronts, with multiple actors and across different levels. Integrated responses need to be coherent not merely across sectors, but also coordinated across levels (international, national, subnational and local). 9. The UNDP Strategic Plan, 2018-2021 is framed within this setting.

The concepts take a holistic approach to health, integrating not only aspects of the various levels of healthcare (e.g. education and prevention, medical treatment and the supply of medicines), but also overarching measures to ensure adequate water supply and sanitation or food and income security.

With the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other development partners, OCHA started to promote a more comprehensive approach, in which long-term development and the underlying causes of a crisis are tackled alongside immediate life-saving needs.

A systems approach to child protection therefore implies close coordination across a number of social sectors, particularly social welfare, health, education and justice, overcoming fragmentation and issue-specific interventions which fail to tackle the root causes of violence.

A viable multisectoral approach depends on clear agreement between different partners on language, methodology and indicators.

The silo approach to international sectoral targets means that sectors compete with each other in isolation from the bigger fiscal picture, making the push for targets incompatible with realistic or credible public financial management. The research suggests the need for far greater focus on the political economy factors that influence decision-making and the prioritisation of the use of existing resources.

A big challenge is the silo approach, where each department implements its own strategies and plans without collaboration with other departments. CCA is disproportionally emphasised at the cost of anthropogenic and developmental impacts. South Africa experiences vulnerabilities due to urbanisation, population growth, population movement, safety and security, crime, poverty and unemployment, among others, but research money, opportunities and projects focus largely on CCA.

What can be done to overcome the silo approach? Humanitarian and development strategies are often developed separately, whereas a risk management approach requires common thinking and planning. Practically, physical proximity (yes, it does actually make a difference where people sit!) and being part of one team matter. An effective coordination and integration approach with various mechanisms for direct cooperation, joint programming and implementation, in combination with shared learning cycles, can help to merge development and response.

Still, considerable barriers to integrated management remain, including rigid sector-based (“silo”) approaches and fragmented institutions. However, experience shows that when ecological resource use is planned around existing environmental and social constraints, collective wellbeing, and a city’s attractiveness, are enhanced.

The sector-based organisation of humanitarian support can inhibit timely changes to services and materials that meet new needs as they arise. For example, in an evaluation of an otherwise flexible shelter project in Ethiopia, the lead agency was unable to pivot to respond to aid recipient complaints about mosquitoes and other pests, as these were deemed ‘water, sanitation and hygiene,’ or ‘non-food-items’ concerns, and therefore outside the shelter project’s scope (Mutunga et al., 2015). While agencies can handover to others with particular sectoral expertise, these coordination processes can be slow. Humanitarian agencies tend to specialise in particular sectors, and calls for proposals and funding contracts are often aligned around sector-specific indicators or outputs. This can make it difficult for agencies to respond to affected people’s priorities when they cross multiple sectors, or when they evolve across sectors over time.

Α sectoral approach can be relieving but is not efficient in assisting people taking over the control of their lives, lifted up from a difficult moment.

Shifting from an integrated approach to issue-focused intervention For decades, we've followed the integrated approach to intervention as we found it to deliver the best results. Last year, we took a closer look at issues affecting children and chose to make that the focus of our approach. This, we felt, would increase our impact and help us utilise funds more effectively. By the end of 2015-16, 97% of CRY-supported projects shifted from an integrated approach to issue-focused intervention, focussing on not more than two issues.

The overarching purpose of this project is to entrench a systems approach to Child Protection as opposed to issue-based approaches which, over the years, have yielded minimal results, according to reviews on child protection approaches.

The country support platforms will help countries to design and deliver integrated solutions to complex development problems that require multisectoral action across economic, social and environmental issues. They respond to the growing demand for greater collaboration amongst a wide range of actors (United Nations, government, civil society, private sector, IFIs, etc.) recognizing that the Sustainable Development Goals, and the aspirations that underpin them, cannot be achieved through stand-alone sector or issue-based approaches.