There are 17,490 occurrences of communication in the HE Corpus.
As with so many things in life, good communication is a key to success and the path to understanding.
Communication occurs mostly in documents published in Europe, followed by North America and Asia with comparatively smaller contributions. Overall, the top five contributors in terms of occurrences are NGO, RC, IGO, NGO_Fed and Net organisations.
NGO documents provide the greatest number of occurrences, primarily from activity reports published in Europe and Asia, with a minor contribution from European strategy documents. In second place, occurrences from RC were mostly obtained from activity reports published in Europe, followed by Africa but to a much lesser extent. Occurrences from IGO were mostly found in European, North American and Asian activity reports as well as general documents.
Occurrences from NGO_Fed were obtained primarily from activity reports published in Europe, Africa and Oceania. Lastly, Net generates a minor contribution occurrences from strategy and general documents.
As with so many things in life, good communication is a key to success and the path to understanding.
Because communications is a social and cultural process international expertise alone is unlikely to be sufficient.
Partly because – as Lars Ericsson, founder of the communications company Ericsson, noted in 1897 – communication is a basic human need.
" It urges aid workers to "remember that communication is a two-way process, requiring that all parties get to know one another.
Contextual analysis identified 5 meaningful parent concepts of communication, namely service, skill, area, activity and tool.
Includes the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, licence fees and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal and government services.
They are better equipped to develop life skills such as communication, cooperation, problem-solving and setting personal goals, and they are supported whilst they build their self-confidence, determination and resilience.
The global Steering Committee is comprised of prominent individuals with diverse areas of expertise, including child protection, communication, strategic partnerships, and resource mobilization.
These teams participated in advocacy and campaign activities including door to door communication of hygiene promotion.
Communication about fraud and corruption BTC communicates transparently about fraud and corruption because communication is an effective tool in the fight against fraud and corruption.
based on circumstances
emergency communication
crisis communication
disaster risk communication
humanitarian response communication
based on medium
digital communication
electronic communication
online communication
multilingual communication
email communication
satellite communication
mobile communication
wireless communication
based on objective
behaviour change communication
operational communication
development communication
based on location
global communication
field communication
district-based communication
national communication
based on originator/audience
public communication
external communication
internal communication
mass communication
beneficiary communication
corporate communication
joint communication
media communication
ICRC communication
interpersonal communication
international communication
intercultural communication
donor communication
based on quality/adequacy/efficiency
clear communication
strong communication
effective communication
efficient communication
robust communication
based on time scale
constant communication
long-term communication
rapid communication
based on subject
risk communication
data communication
policy communication
security communication
humanitarian communication
health communication
political communication
special procedure communication
based on approach
direct communication
two-way communication
open communication
active communication
face-to-face communication
proactive communication
multichannel communication
strategic communication
innovative communication
non-violent communication
informal communication
interactive communication
Frequent words that accompany a term are known as collocates. A given term and its collocates form collocations. These can be extracted automatically based on statistics and curated manually to explore interactions with concepts.
Comparisons over time between organisation types with the greatest contribution (NGO, RC, IGO, NGO_Fed and Net organisations) proves to be meaningful. Below is an histogram for the top yearly collocation for each of the five organisations with the greatest contribution as well as across all organisation types.
Across all 5 organisation types, IEC (information, education and communication) is the top collocate with the higher score for 2019. It also topped 2008 and 2009. Two-way was found as top collocate for 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016, although with lower scores. Other top overall collocates include wireless, co-ordination, multilingual, interpersonal, channel, marketing, channel and channels.
NGO documents contain behaviour-change as top collocate with the highest score for 2014. It also scored as top collocate for 2015. Other NGO top colocates include skill, routine, MI (Micronutrient Initiative), raising, interpersonal, IEC, marketing, behaviour, two-way, Asmae, non-violent and technology.
RC documents also generated demonstrated as top collocate with the highest score for 2017, followed by two-way and multilingual for 2013 and 2007, respectively. Other RC top collocates include trace, Macedonia, IEC, depart, interpersonal, PMER (planning, monitoring, evaluating and reporting, RRC (Romanian Red Cross), VNRC (Vietnam Red Cross) and digital.
Collocational data from IGO also show IEC as top collocate with the highest overall score for 2009 and 2019. Other RC top collocates include wireless, technology, ICTs (information and communication technologies), interpersonal, manufacturing, persona, AU-IBAR (African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources), connectivity, inter-state and edit.
In NGO_Fed documents, judgement dominates as top collocate in multiple years, obtaining the highest overall score in 2017. Other NGO_Fed top collocates include material, improve, skill, strengthening, external, marketing, publicity and results-oriented.
Lastly, Net documents generated two-way as top collocate with the highest overall score in 2014. In second place, BCC (behaviour change communication) topped 2016 and 2017 with slightly lower scores. Other Net top collocates include external, medium, research, technology, strategic, IEC, channel, ODI (Overseas Development Institute), EurAc (European Network for Central Africa) and APRRN (Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network).
Organisation subcorpora present unique and shared collocations with other organisation types. Unique collocations allow to discover what a particular organisation type says about communication that others do not. NGO, RC, IGO, NGO_Fed and Net
Top unique collocates for NGO include CCR (Canadian Council for Refugees), non-violent, behaviour-change, awareness-raising, spark, multichannel and behavioural.
RC documents feature family-link, multilingual, disrupt, tracing, audio-visual, move, first-aid, complementary, Moscow-based and information-sharing.
IGO unique collocates with the highest scores are wireless, non-proliferation, district-based, cheap, real-time, storage, inter-state, UNISDR and revolution.
Documents from NGO_Fed generated the following top unique collocates: judgement, sponsorship, openness, merge, engaging, AAG (Action Aid Ghana), digitalisation, Europa and Swahili
Unique collocates for Net include EuArc, ODI (Overseas Development Institute), convene, state-of-the-art, printer, APRRN (Asian Pacific Refugee Rights Network, INEE (International Network for Education in Emergencies), IFPRI (International Food Research Institute), perception and ALNAP.
Shared collocations allow to discover matching elements with organisations talk about communication. These constitute intersections between subcorpora.
Top collocates shared by 2 organisation types are campaigning (NGO_Fed+NGO), supporter (NGO_Fed+NGO), raising (NGO_Fed+NGO), connectivity (IGO+RC), documentation (IGO+RC), procure (NGO+IGO) and behavioural (NGO+IGO).
Top collocates shared by 3 organisation types include marketing (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO), interpersonal (NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), publicity (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO), logistic (RC+NGO+IGO), transport (RC+NGO+IGO), ICTs (NGO+Net+IGO), BCC (NGO+Net+IGO) and radio (RC+NGO+IGO).
Top collocates shared by 4 organisations are IEC (RC+NGO+Net+IGO), behaviour (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), mobilization (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), ICT (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), fundraising (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), mass (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO), satellite (RC+NGO+Net+IGO), visibility (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO) and relation (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+IGO).
Top collates shared by all organisations analysed (RC+NGO_Fed+NGO+Net+IGO) include channel, technology, two-way, internal, external, tool, digital, information, strategy, advocacy, effective and skill.
Verb collocates are useful in determining key relations between concepts. On the left is a diagram that represents verbs of which communication is the subject (in green) and the object (in pink).
At first sight, communication collocates with verbs more frequently as an object than as a subject. This indicates that humanitarian actors mention communication to describe:
improvement (improve, enhance, strengthen, increase);
service provision (facilitate, ensure, provide); and
communication as a concept (be, include, make).
issuing documents (make)
As a subject, communication collocates with many verbs, albeit with fewer occurrences but distributed more evenly. It appears that humanitarians use communication as an object to describe:
communication as a concept (be, include, concern)
specific situations (remain, need)
issuing documents (make)
Please note that both work, plan and means were erroneously detected as verbs because they can also be nouns, which is the case for this verb extraction.
Further collocational analysis reveals that key associated concepts to communication include:
behaviour change communication (BCC)
information, education and communication (IEC)
These conceptual combinations can further examined on demand. Please use the Discussion form at the bottom of this LAR.
Although many agree that communication with communities in the right language is critical, translation is not always considered a priority by governments and aid agencies.
Communicating with individuals, not a community: No community is homogenous, meaning that there can be no one-size-fits-all solution for communication and community engagement.
Language can compound communication challenges and increase people's vulnerability to the impact of disasters and other crises.
The majority concerns internal risk management, with only a relatively small part oriented towards the urban planning community. As shown in Box 8.13, a review of this literature from the perspective of natural disasters argues that risk communication should be a central pillar for building resilience and response capacity.
The turbidity of the policymaking environment and the high turnover rate of ministers, senior officials and others can make communication challenging, partly because shifts towards managerialism in public administration have seen expertise and content knowledge diminish over recent decades. At the same time, information overload is challenging knowledge-building and policymaking processes, while policy complexity and interlinkages continue to grow.
Dialogue – as opposed to one-directional communication – increases people's readiness to provide information themselves; tangibly augments the effectiveness of responses and programmes; and raises the feeling of ownership and the satisfaction/degree of identification with the action taken.
The chart below represents the distribution of communication between 2005 and 2019 in terms of the number of occurrences and relative frequency of occurrences. It also allows you to view the distribution across Regions, Organisations and Document types.
The relative frequency of a concept compares its occurrences in a specific subcorpora (i.e. Year, Region, Organisation Type, Document Type) to its total number of occurrences in the entire HE corpus. This indicates how typical a word is to a specific subcorpus and allows to draw tentative comparisons between subcorpora, e.g. Europe vs Asia or NGO vs IGO. You can read these relative frequencies as follows:
Relative frequency is expressed as a percentage, above or below the total number of occurrences, which are set at 100%. This measure is obtained by dividing the number of occurrences by the relative size of a particular subcorpus.
Under 100%: a word is less frequent in a subcorpus than in the entire corpus. This is means that the word is not typical or specific to a given subcorpus.
100%: a word is as frequent in a subcorpus as it is in the entire corpus.
Over 100%: a word is more frequent in a subcorpus than in the entire corpus. This means that the word in question is typical or specific to a given subcorpus.
As an author, you may be interested to explore why a concept appears more or less frequently in a given corpus. This may be related to the concept's nature, the way humanitarians in a given year, region, organisation type or document type use the concept, or the specific documents in the corpus and subcorpora itself. To manually explore the original corpus data, you can consult "contexts", or the search the corpus itself.
Occurrences of communication were highest in 2015. However, 2019 saw the highest relative frequency with 133%.
Europe generated the greatest number of occurrences but ranks second in terms of relative frequency with 93%. Africa obtained the highest relative frequency with 103% with comparatively fewer occurrences.
The top 5 organisation types with the highest relative frequency of communication are WHS, Project, RC, Net and C/B.
Activity reports provided the greatest number of occurrences. However, Strategy documents obtained the highest relative frequency with 230%.
This shows trends for communication and its plural form in the vast Google Books corpus, which gives you a general idea of the evolution of the term in English books between 1950 and 2019. Values are expressed as a percentage of the total corpus instead of occurrences.
Please note that this is not a domain-specific corpus. However, it provides an overview of communication across domains.
Occurrences of communication have progressively increased until today. They peaked in 2005 and decreased slightly until 2019.
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