Distribution by Region

Distribution by Organisation Type, Document Type, Region and Year

Livelihood occurs mostly in documents published in Europe, closely followed by Asia and North America. Overall, the top five contributors in terms of occurrences are NGO, NGO_Fed, IGO, RC and C/B organisations.

NGO documents provide most occurrences, primarily from activity reports published in Asian and Europe. In second place, occurrences from NGO_Fed were mostly obtained from activity reports published in Europe, as well as Asia and North America to a lesser extent. IGO documents contribute with occurrences obtained mostly from European, North African and African general documents in order of relevance.

Documents from RC are mostly activity reports published Europe with a minor African contribution. Finally, C/B generates a considerably smaller number of occurrences from European general documents.

Nonetheless, as agriculture is the dominant form of livelihood for the majority of households in countries affected by conflict.

CHA and its agencies visited over 45 beneficiaries in eight GN Divisions in Trincomalee and found that the beneficiaries had utilized the assistance they received to engage in a range of livelihoods including small businesses, goat rearing and home gardening.

They also need fair and equal access to the natural resources on which their livelihoods depend.

Farmers and other rural workers whose livelihoods depend on land, soil, water and cattle can become food insecure if their natural resource base is altered through climate change or environmental degradation, reducing yields and increasing labour requirements.

FAO works with countries and communities to prevent and mitigate crisis and disaster risks by promoting risk reduction good practices and technologies as well as risk-transfer and social protection measures for people whose livelihoods depend on crop, livestock, fish and forest products.

CARE supported coastal villages in improved techniques of seaweed cultivation as a source of livelihood.

This land is the only source of livelihood for my family.

Rubina's husband, a daily wage labourer, also lost his source of livelihood.

The chart below represents the distribution of livelihood between 2005 and 2019 in terms of the number of occurrences and relative frequency of occurrences It also allows you to view the distribution across Regions, Organisations and Document types.

Tourism is another livelihood issue confronting the world's poor, but there is little consensus on its impact in developing countries. The sector attracts condemnation and enthusiasm in equal measure. Over a decade of research in holiday destinations across Africa and Asia, ODI has examined where the money goes and who gets what. In 2009, we published Tourism and Poverty Reduction: Pathways to Prosperity, suggesting that tourism can fight poverty, but does not always do so. Where it works as a development tool, international tourism does channel resources from rich to poor. In some destinations, between one quarter and one third of all in-country tourist spending reaches poor households in the locality – a figure that compares favourably with ethical trade in many agricultural commodities. Where it doesn't work, the poor see little of the tourism dollar.

Poverty with the confines of sustainable livelihoods is not just a question of low income, but also includes other dimensions such as illiteracy, lack of social services, as well as a state of vulnerability and feeling of powerlessness and social exclusion.

Recent research supports our view that AIDS is challenging rural livelihoods, undermining resilience to other shocks and stresses and creating new patterns of malnutrition. Humanitarian and development agencies will need to consider this scenario carefully as they contemplate future activities in heavily AIDS-affected areas.

Livelihood emergencies of many different types, in many different places, will produce many of the next food security or famine crises.

Finally, does post-disaster diplomacy address long-standing development and sustainability issues, including political, livelihood and economic concerns? In most cases, disasters or crises have not led to the resolution or full consideration of longer-term challenges, including those related to livelihoods, environmental management, inequity and injustice.

Crisis livelihood strategies have short-term horizons, undermining the natural resource base.

Additionally, when livelihood programmes that target women have parallel programmes that target men or engage men in other ways directly in women-focused programmes, those programmes are safer for the female participants.

Internally displaced women and children continued to face particular protection issues. Limited access to livelihoods and the resulting poverty led some IDPs to force girls into early marriage or take their children out of school to help earn an income. The trafficking of displaced women and children, including Roma, increased in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the year.

Given that the concept of habitual residence is intimately linked to the issue of livelihoods, people who have lost them as a result of their displacement – such as pastoralists in Somalia and elsewhere in eastern Africa – are considered IDPs. We consider a person to be displaced regardless of how far or for how long they flee

Agriculture and the rural economy are key sectors for supporting livelihoods in protracted crises, but they are not properly reflected in aid flows. Agricultural and rural-based livelihoods are critical to the groups most affected by protracted crises. Agriculture accounts for a third of protracted crisis countries' gross domestic product and two-thirds of their employment. Yet agriculture accounts for only 4 percent of humanitarian ODA received by countries in protracted crisis and 3 percent of development ODA. The current aid architecture needs to be modified to better address both immediate needs and the structural causes of protracted crises. The current system uses humanitarian assistance to support short-term efforts to address the immediate effects of a crisis, and development assistance for long-term interventions to address underlying causes. Areas of intervention that are important in protracted crises (including social protection and risk reduction) are often underfunded.

And better analysis is needed to understand the nuances of livelihood adaptations in protracted crises, some of which can be built upon by external actors (e.g. remittances and changes in local institutions governing property rights in land and natural resources), and some of which should be mitigated (e.g. over-exploitation of natural resources).

Livelihoods assessments must take into account key dynamics of local institutions (including power and conflict dynamics) in order to better understand the drivers of crisis and identify adequate forms of assistance as well as trustworthy and sustainable partners to address long-term needs.

Many millennials are looking for work that goes beyond creating profits, hoping to solve environmental and social problems as part of their livelihoods .

Although progress has been made in making information available that can be useful in providing warning signs, such as monitoring of climate data, biomass changes, the price of foodstuffs and livestock and survival strategies adopted by local communities, early response remains one of the main obstacles to providing an intervention that is appropriate and timely (i.e., arriving at a time when it has the potential to reduce the destructive effects of the crisis on livelihoods as much as possible).

IDP populations are often remaining displaced – in sites and host communities – for longer periods of time, a phenomenon that requires analysis of more medium-term solutions beyond delivery of immediate humanitarian assistance. The entire humanitarian community is addressing this issue as questions of livelihood activities for IDPs, burdens on host families and communities, the risks and opportunities of sites and camps, and prospects and modalities for return become more critical.

Understanding vulnerabilities before, during and after a crisis makes it easier to provide appropriate assistance, and to identify how communities can rehabilitate and improve their livelihoods. Crises can disrupt many of the factors that people rely on to maintain their livelihoods. People affected by crises may lose their jobs or have to abandon their land or water sources.

In urban areas, the impact of a crisis on livelihoods is likely to be different from the impact in rural areas. Household composition, skills, disabilities and education will determine the degree to which people may participate in different economic activities. Generally, poorer urban people have a less diverse range of livelihoods coping strategies than their counterparts in rural areas.