E. Complexity

Complexity begins, where simple, computable and predictable events cease. But here I want to show, that we can and must distinguish between two kinds of complicated events.

My endeavor is to contradistinguish complexity from emergence. My plan is to extricate emergence, as a special kind of complex natural process.

What we observe is that some 'complex' actions repeat, when the environmental conditions are recurrent. This observations were labeled as complex, because we have no idea why they occur. There is no obvious reason why they appear.

The decisive point can be this repeating of generated forms. We have to discern between some chaotic behaviour and a non chaotic one.

Repeating emergence of the same structure out of nothing can be perceived as a memory, natural depository of vantage ground. Here comes the point to mark the cut-off between chaos and order, between accidental and causal, between zero-memory and memory, but also between complexity and emergence. Let me suggest that emergence is coupled with underlying order embedded in some memory. On the other hand there is complexity with underlying chaos.

So we can contradistinguish complexity from emergence. Complexity without predictability, where tiny actions may produce abrupt reactions, unexpected outcomes and situations. And complexity science as study of phenomena of interacting simpler complex subunits. Complex systems with positive and chaotic feedback, thus complex networks out of control.

The next topic is devoted to emergence ….