4. publications

Entry for Nature Physics on March 31, 2020

On Entropic Templety, spontaneous Emergence of Patterns out from underlying Order

Abstract

How the nature makes all the material structures, biological templates, human capabilities, where all these patterns came from? Is there any kind of memory contained? We don't know. But we can exploit all our observations of nature and construct a new possible interptretation. A connection starting from memory imbedded in momentum space topology thru emergence by spontaneous symmetry breaking during phase transition, where emergent order induced drift in an uniform environment creates from ambient elements in a well suited progress required templates. This creating possitive attraction simultaneously acts as spontaneous entropy decrease trigger. In consonance with emergent gravity as entropy force - concept annouced by Erik Verlinde of entropy driven interaction in nature couplet with position information of mass distribution in universe, my connection goes up to proposed templety – fifth fundamental interaction of matter, or a second emergent entropic force rising from the position information of matter structure determined by underlying order, memory of templates stored in momentum space topology. In this interpretation all structures, forms, skills and capabilities emerge spontaneously in appropriete environmental conditions according to aggregate phase diagrams.

I. Introduction

What is, and how to perceive emergence? What is fundamental and what is emergent? How to discern between evolutionary emergence and spontaneous emergence?

What we have to construct is a closed circle of information process in nature. We start from memory imbedded in momentum space topology(1) thru its emergence by spontaneous symmetry breaking(2) during phase transition, where emergent order induced drift creates from ambient elements in a Goldilocks(3) similar manner required templates. This creating possitive attraction simultaneously acts as spontaneous entropy decrease trigger(4). In similarity with Verlinde(5) interpretation of gravity is this order driven interaction in nature couplet with entropy change. The resulting templety force connects the information stored in memory/topology with observed forms in nature.

In close cooperation with electromagnetic interaction processes templety the materialistic outcome of hidden order. Material structures, biological patterns, human capabilities and all features of organic matter emerge spontaneously out of underlying topological information in appropriete environmental conditions.

But electromagnetic interaction and gravity cannot alone explain, why nature works. Information involving structures and patterns is inevitable. Templety accompanies every spontaneous emergence. Back-coupling of realized patterns endurance onto topology/memory information influences succesive evolution. So evolutionary emergence influence the path of human events. Moreover templety evidently covers a lot of known, not fully understand but yet well described observed phenomena.

I will create a new interpretation of observed realities, as I mean there are no exploration limits in real scientific inquiry. „The only principle that does not inhibit progress is : Anything goes“ stated Paul Feyerabend(6) as a universal investigation motto. All interpretations of all findings and discoveries are possible. The only objectivity calibre is how the facts compose a realistic worldview, a comprehensive vision of our existence.

As material beings living in a materialistic reality we can speculate about mental or spiritual levels of authenticity. We can hypothesize various scenarios of genesis. But we have to follow observed facts. No artifical limits demarcated by any theory lacking validating observations can be taken seriously.

II. Fundamentals

What is fundamental, what emergent, what is effective, what ephemeral? Have we the quarantee that matter is fundamental? So our first axiom is : /1/ matter is fundamental.

Our present knowledge (paradigm) of universe is based on material science, on nature of matter investigations. In physics the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces are observed matter manifestations. Our second axiom is : /2/ weak, strong and electromagnetic interaction of matter are fundamental. We have developed The Standard Model of particle physics to strengthen this principle.

That is all from our fundamental items. Today is not clear if gravity is a fundamental force. It seems courageous to consider space and time as fundamental. We are better advised to follow the mass-energy duality, related by the famous E=mc2, and describe the matter phenomena in energy coordinates, in competition with spacetime picture. As a bonus we receive for instance a graspable quantum world of elementary particle interactions in energy coordinates.

There are more hints, aside from curious quantum manifestations, that spacetime is not fundamental but emergent. Too many artificial ingredients by connecting gravity to other fundamental forces of matter also indicate an emergent scenario for gravity.

Yet our understanding of material universe within the two principles mentioned above, is not suitable to pick up a picture of 'how the things act'. The only item, which we have to add as a third axiom to close the circle is : /3/ matter is ordered. Matter originates not accidentally but in accordance with existent regulations. This principle is not in contradiction with our everyday experience, it is the basic fact, it is what we observe.

III. Memory pattern

There are many, even myriad influences which interact and create a complex environment of our existence. Some perceivable sensually, much more subliminal extrasensory. At first glance all aroud is more or less chaotic. But life can't be chaotic. Where is the cut-off between chaos and order to locate? We have to challenge this.

What means complexity? Is it something not computable, not predictable, or only not obvious for us? Not sensually graspable? Surely complexity is a broad denomination.

We can take it effectual and search for natural manner how it goes. Combine our knowledge with intuition, there has to be a kind of order channeling foregoing evidence. Some experiences escape out of chaos. When repeating of a random natural trick is advantagenous, more and more durable pattern emerge.

Repeating emergence out of chaotic complexity can be perceived as a memory, natural depository of vantage ground. Here comes the well-timed point to mark the cut-off between chaos and order, between accidental and causal, between zero-memory and memory, but may be also between complexity and emergence. Let me suggest that emergence is coupled with underlying order embedded in some memory. On the other hand there is complexity with underlying chaos. So we can contradistinguish complexity from emergence.

Complexity without predictability, where tiny actions may produce abrupt reactions, unexpected outcomes and situations. And complexity science as study of phenomena of interacting simpler complex subunits. Complex systems with positive and chaotic feedback, thus complex networks out of control.

On the other hand emergence with predictability, with repetitive formation of patterns. Emergence science as study of the phenomena which emerge from collection of interacting subunits of emerging order. Emergent systems with negative or bipolar feedback, thus emergent networks in cooperation like fractals.

Emergence according preface of (7): „Visualize the vacuum of particle physics as if it were a cold quantum liquid in equilibrium. Then its pressure must vanish, unless it is a droplet – in which case there will be surface corrections scaling as an inverse power of the droplet size.“ So the surface corrections let emerge excitations/patterns out of the purported liquid at low energy.

In order to get the third axiom we have to follow emergent patterns. Fortunately in physics we have a vision how the emergence acts. Starting from original chaos, our cosmos evolved to a web. Original incidentalness is hard to hold. Some tendencies arise – information originates. These can we put into graphs and more information to topology.

Topology of momentum space(1) is used as memory of order. Information of patterns and structures which emerge to reality – as material texture or possible mental templates are then the outcome. In a positive feedback nature evaluates the durability of information in actual environment. The best forms are favoured – markedly signed in momentum space memory of patterns.

With momentum space memory of matter, we have universality classes of quantum vacua determined by momentum space topology(7), which are also responsible for the type of the effective theory, emergent physical laws and symmetries at low energy. Observations of matter near zero temperature (T = 0°K) exhibit emergent structures when some energy or temperature is present. For us, it is of no interest to challenge what kind of effective theory is better. In the presence of energy and momentum space topology, excitations emerge at low energy corner of GUT so as within anti-GUT scheme. At high energies symmetries outweigh patterns from topology (GUT). Getting closer to zero temperature, emergence fades due to energy density fall, and this must not indicate symmetry upturn (anti-GUT).

Momentum space topology of lagrangian description resembles energy-momentum tensor topology in hamiltonian description. Information saved in topology, eigen to matter by third axiom, is primary couplet with mass-energy, not with space. Then space and time have to be secondary, or emergent. This signifies first, that we can establish more relevant understanding of nature within mass-energy equivalence with energy based hamiltonian description. And second, that we have no limits on information propagation within spacetime. Information is carried by the mass-energy medium, an aether of topology. That way speed of light, sets limitation only for signaling in spacetime, not for information transfer.

IV. Phase transition with spontaneous symmetry break

How emergence works? Usually as a miracle, because we don't perceive the reasons for the change. Mostly happens a wondering conversion without a hint how the new form originates.

For long centuries researchers put together observed data on material changes – transformations of matter structure. With decreasing temperature suddenly a new pattern emerge. When warming up this pattern disappear, or an other reemerge. Ice melts to liquit water, and near 100°C evaporates vapour. Water has several distinct solid states – distinct ice crystal structures. Also water molecules can be assembled to dissimilar patterns, to several distinct liquid states.

In physics, four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist as liquid crystal. A distinct state of matter can be defined as any set of properties distiguished from any other set of properties by a phase transition. Phase transition indicates a change in structure and can be recognized by an abrubt change in properties.

Distinct phases of the same matter occur and coexist at equilibrium over specific thermodynamic conditions – combinations of pressure, temperature and volume. Observed combinatios compose for given matter composition an exact chart – a phase diagram. These diagrams show the phase of matter along changing thermodynamic conditions. There is a good choice to follow energy or energy density as a main variable of phase transition, and trace this upon some thermodynamic parameter as temperature.

Phase diagram of specific matter composition tell us at which conditions the phase transition will happen. Quantum field theory will tell us how it supervene.

In (2) pp.108-126 is described how spontaneous breakdown of symmetry utilize real source

term, as information from topology. Topological information is available as a ghost field in mathematical description of spontaneous symmetry breakdown, after which asymmetry emerges. Information from matter memory makes the genesis of order possible.

V. Ghost field as emergent attractive force carrier

And how the order forms? Excitations of quantum field at microscopic scale push the molecules of matter into new positions. So the ghost field of topological information generates an attractive force, which grants a spontaneous entropy decrease(4).

Actually microscopic excitation of energy causes a molecular dipole formation of matter elements. Dipolar structure of electromagnetic interaction is the source and causation of emergent attractive force which forms matter emergent structure throughout phase transitions. This new structure incorporates information of matter distribution.

Another scenario causes magnetization. Transition metal atoms often have magnetic moments due to the net spin of electrons. Phase transition organize spin of electrons with energy release. After the change, the structure of magnetic matter is ordered. Actually is this change accompanied with an entropy fall. Information of matter distribution creates attractive force which generates organized spin of electrons.

Other scenario – temperature decrease cause graphene formation on solid substrate in fractal like patterns. Phase transition of gaseous graphite and charcoal to an allotrope of carbon takes place. Information of matter organise a high ordered specific structure by an attractive force.

Generally, what is observed : Bits of energy representing specific quantum subjects (as protons, electrons and other elementary particles) became structured or restructured. On macroscopic level new structure appear, or structure changed to an other.

VI. Negentropy and Templety

Emergent attractive force intervene on the thermodynamic random distribution and negentropy(4) is the result. Emergence of order breaks the equilibrium and causes generation of templates which are energetically more efficient. Energy decreases together with entropy fall of the emergent unit. Energy flows from the emergent formation to environment. In this way is this action well suited – following the law of energy conservation and homogenization.

Now anew the question arises – what is more fundamental? Is it energy balance or entropy balance? Entropy decrease is escorted by energy transformation. Symetric homogeneous matter distribution changes due to local influence to a formation with lower energy. Some potential energy is needed to go back to initial homogenity and isotropy. Any kind of potential energy is the energy held by a system or formation because of the position of its constituents, more precisely position information. Any kind of potential energy is tied to a force, which is to overcome to restore starting homogeneous configuration.

So we see that any emergent attractive interaction can change a symmetry to a broken symmetry of emergent order. And position information of this asymmetry produces instantaneously entropy decrease. Attractive force is interlocked with entropic force and emergent attractive force is coupled with emergent entropic force. In this manner information of emergent matter templates is the source of entropic force.

Erik Verlinde (5) offers a new image of gravity. Gravity as emergent entropic force generated by the position information of matter distribution in the universe.

So I propose similar conception for the attractive force of emergent order. Templety as emergent entropic force generated by the position information of matter structure.

From information of mass-energy patterns hidden in topology of momentum space emerge microscopic quantum mass-energy tendencies which are correspondent to macroscopic potential energy of mass-energy structures in the field of gravity and templety.

There are no further experimental verifications of this phenomena necessary. What is to be done is 'only' to accept a new breaking interpretation of observed facts.

VII. On Entelechy, Self-organization and Morphogenetic field

Observation of nature yield innumerable cases of emergent order. According to the research segment, more or less exact descriptions of emergence were registered. Correct observations in physics, proper exploration in chemistry, precise monitoring in biology, and less accurate tracking in psychology and medicine contain generation of emergent order. In the history of science lot of serious attempts were made to express them.

Let us mention some significant: Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, I.Prigogine dissipative structures, Turing patterns, Bénard cells, Liesegang rings, laser phenomenon described by H.Haken, self-organized criticality by Per Bak, soliton by J.S.Russell, fractals by Benoit Mandelbrot, superconductivity, Bose-Einstein condensation et al.

Now we are in a lucky position to capture all these under the same principle. With templety we are ready to overcome the next barrier of comprehension – the bizarrness of life.

What is life? In my opinion is life a resistant highly complex network preserved in dynamical equilibrium by a net of emerging structures and their emerging behaviour. Here the emergent order activity of hidden memory templates is under way. Cooperation of all life system parts net as a negative feedback network is cardinal. Nutrition as resource of continuous replacing of abraded parts is necessary. Substitution of used elements of the network by new generated copies is under way all the life.

Life evolves according to environmental conditions and uses scarce random disturbances in development of the living organisms – morphogenesis, to phylogenesis – biological development of species, and generation of new structures and novel capabilities. Viability of new structures is checked again by negative feedback. Only durable lifeforms remain. This evolutionary progress is commonly labeled as emergent, but not from underlying order, not even some purpose or plan. Not only accidental optimalization on environmental alterations takes place, also fortuitous origination of life evolution accelarating structures and compounds, as DHA acid, are important triggers of progression.

And now the most quoted forerunners in the history of life elucidation. Aristotle with Entelechy, G.W.Leibnitz with Dynamism, Hans Driesch and Henri Bergson with Vitalism, A.G.Gurvitch with Morphogenitic field, C.H.Waddington with Epigenetic landscape.

VIII. Conclusion

Material structures, biological patterns, human capabilities and all features of organic matter emerge spontaneously out of underlying topological information in appropriete environmental conditions according to aggregate phase diagrams in aforementioned way.

We arrived at a turning point of perceiving natural patterns. We hope to have disclosed the hidden part of genuine feedback control. There were many hints and contexts to examine. The final touch came from the idea of attractive force which reverses the entropy grow(4). But all cited sources are highly significant. Erik Verlinde shows that gravity can be interpret in an other way, just like Paul Feyerabend invitatation to break investigative rules.

Thanks to Jharana Rani Samal et al. experimental test that quantum information cannot be destroyed(8). This reality decisive conserve information source amount at quantum level and below – in momentum space topology.

My hope is that today's paradigm will evolve. I think, principal is to follow the energy point of view. What is observed, are quanta of energy. Bits of energy decohere to matter and shape its structure. So the crucial elements are always energy quanta. Also more mental perception, intuitive sensation and spiritual insights are necessary to acquire the connection to underlying cosmic wisdom.

Finally a short idea about human events. What's the best measure? How to scale elapsed time? Is not the evolutionary emergence the best, authentic history coordinate?

We conclude with fundamental matter, or more exact with fundamental energy, with fundamental strong and weak nuclear interaction, and electromagnetic interaction. On the other hand it seems that gravity and templety are emergent, also space and time have to be emergent, out of information hidden in the foundational topology.

Anknowledgement to Mirek Klvana for useful discussions about energy and about matter determining position in contemporary worldview. Also my thank to Libor Novak for inspiring comments and assistance.

References

1. Volovik G.E. Quantum phase transitions from topology in momentum space, arXiv cond-mat/0601.372, 2006

Volovik G.E. Topology of quantum vacuum, Lecture Notes in Physics, 870, 343-383,2013 , arXiv 1111.4627, 2012

2. Blasone M., Jizba P., Vitiello G. Quantum Field Theory And Its MacroscopicManifestations, London, Imperial College Press, 2010

3. Lloyd S., Mohseni M., Shabani A., Rabitz H. The quantum Goldilocks effect: on the convergence of timescales in quantum transport, arXiv 1111.4982, 2011

Vattay G., Kaufman S., Niiranen S. Quantum biology on the edge of quantum chaos, PloS ONE 9(3): e89017, arXiv 1202.6433, 2012

Montagnier L., Aissa J., Del Giudice E., Lavallee C., Tedeschi A., Vitiello G. DNA waves and water, arXiv 1012.5166, 2010

4. Xing X S., Spontaneous entropy decrease and its statistical formula, arXiv 0710.4624, 2007

5. Verlinde E. On the Origin of Gravity and the Laws of Newton, JHEP 1104:029, 2011 arXiv 1001.0785, 2010

6. Feyerabend P. Against Method, 4. ed, London, Verso 2010

7. Volovik G.E. The Universe in a Helium Droplet, Oxford, OUP 2003

8. Samal J.H., Pati A.K., Kumar A. Experimental Test of Quantum No-Hidding Theorem, Physical Review Letters 106.080401, 2011

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Entry for 2014 FQXi essay competition “How should humanity steer the future” on April 17, 2014.

Our Fictions and the practicable way out

Abstract

Let us comprehend what we people are. What really means humanity.

What is fiction, and what are the roots of our existence. Please try

to recognise all illusions and unveil the cardinal links.

Solar energy is the way which is to follow. Not only solar cells, but

subsequently solar supplied electric cars. Humans, who recognize

and evaluate the power of solar radiation, are able to substantially

reduce thier food consumption.

The today's society, we live in, is somewhat uprooted. We miss a tight connection to our background, surrounding, and all our environment. We have lost the feeling of unity, of wholeness, relationship to each other and to the whole existence.

This sensation of belonging is incorporated in the majority of philosophical teachings. To be human is to accept this holism. The accentuation of humanity against adoration is the message of the Old Testament. Our own responsibility of acting is prior to devine forgiveness. Not to act unpleasantly, against the whole, one has to penetrate to, to scrutinize the roots of our existence.

If one is ready to accept the knowability of the world, the universe, and the whole existence, the question arises as where to start with this enquiry.

I prefer observations. Observations of human beings, nature, the whole world, and the universe. But to take these observations to a whole story one has to connect them to a harmonic image without contradictions. This way is not easy, some common interpretations lose their original meanings and change into new appearances.

One has to wade through illusions and unveil the cardinal contexts. A lot of illusions are the result of human indolence. Much of them are artificial barriers build up by accursed doctrines. How to get the principal rules, not to be confused with not really true familiar illusions?

First illusion : reductionism and causation bottom-up

Our investigation is a step by step disclosing of unrecognized territory. This searching incorporates steps in which we have to simplify and neglect some possible contexts. This is always the only way to step forward in our enquiry. But we must have in mind, that we have something abandoned, and that our first view in this unrecognized territory can be imperfect, sometimes even wrong. The level of reduced profundity connected with simplifying generates by reduced amount of facts almost cheap outcomes. From reduced facts we can deduce only poor conclusions. This way of bottom-up conjecture formation struggles with the real complexity of nature.

We must keep in mind that simplifying, reduction of links, bottom-up connections are only the first step of enquiry. The second must follow – observation tests and scrutation, identification of ideas that have to be revised. We have to ask which ideas are too simple and not relevant. Next level of reduction has to be more precise and subtile.

At the end, it comes out that bottom-up causation is simply a feedback and not a causation. And apparent complexity displays only our nonperception, our - lack of understanding of the background of natural processing.

Second illusion : matter and energy as seminal parts

I really don't understand why this idea is so widespread. The humanity of mankind is made up of mental thoughts. We almost think before doing. Who has changed our vision of processing. Church? Or scientists who go to church? Why do we believe? Why do we believe that material is seminal?

Astrophysics has so many difficulties with hidden matter, dark energy, dark matter. Egregious! We have missed something. Our paradigm is false. We must recreate our mind, realise that our thoughts are more important, even seminal. Thoughts which have nothing to do with physical energy. Mental energy is another category, an other level of natural processing, let me denote it as background information(al) processing.

/Information differs from signals. Signal can spread with a maximum speed – the speed of light. Information is instantly present – coupled to the topology of energy-momentum space./

Third illusion : we don't know how the patterns emerge, nature has no memory

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is the key. Nature has memory of patterns embedded in energy-momentum space, in its topology. Topology incorporates phase discernments - phase diagrams of changing emergent patterns.

Emergence occurs at the critical energy quantity, which initiates the spontaneous break of symmetry - the phase transition, during which assymetry emerges – new pattern in accordance with the information stored in the memory. Originally symmetrical state spontaneously changes to an asymmetrical one. A structure emerges which contains information. This information is carried by Nambu-Goldstone bosons, which maintain the emerged material structure.

The memory of nature is a background topological category. In the presence of energy topology becomes real – it is present as phase space in energy-momentum space. This means that a set of patterns (phases or templates of matter/energy structures) is available, and emerges according to free energy content.

Fourth illusion : natural patterns are rigid

The whole existence is a dynamical processing od growth. Evolution originate with irregularities – fluctuations of former homogenity, that means of “nothing“, because uniformity means no information, no pattern, no memory. Now, dynamical evolution is what we observe. According to quantum theory, we are able to follow the growth of original inhomogeneities, in agreement with quantum graphity concept, into topological patterns.

All the evolution has to be background independent. That means, the whole generates itself randomly. There is no predestination, no teleology, no finality. Every evolutionary step is random, but follows the succession – the foregoing progression. But what is principal - that this foregoing succession is buffered in memory – natural memory – topology of momentum-energy space. Evolution is running in every location, according to the conditions in the local environment. New and adapted patterns are the result of well made reactions to changes in surroundings. Only durable and resistant patterns survive, but all experiences (information) of evolutionary steps are stored. The most used information is more accentuated in the memory.

A short comment to „the second law“: Entropy growth is damped thru the effective use of free energy in the environment. The growth of natural memory, which contains a lot of patterns powerful enough to exploit available free energy, disables fast entropy growth. (Entropy as measure of possible disorder limited by negative entropy amount stored in ordered patterns.) Entropy, doesn't seem to be the leading quality of nature. Some kind of information content, which is permanently growing, enables patterns emerge, is more fundamental and more significant quality for the evolutionary dynamics of the universe – I designate this quality as information tension or I-tension.

The true background natural processing is then coupled with the dynamic of information growth and generates I-tension growth. Finally, it seems that the law of I-tension growth is crucial, and that „the second law“ is only a consequential one. So we get a new paradigm : I-tension growth is fundamental and entropy growth is emergent.

Fifth illusion : we can't break economic rules and social realities

I don't think so. Elite sets laws and rules in own's behoof. Interests of a strong leading minority disturb social harmony. The best civil arrangement is apparently not fairly minded. Environmentally dangerous and inhospitable doctrines of economic growth in reality do not only destroy our surrounding, but they also exploit all our natural resources.

This is not the way that intelligent and responsible people want to follow. Perhaps we have reached the point where the vision of humanity, and the ethics of fairness and modesty, can establish a new order - a new nonmaterial, not monetary driven, mental-based paradigm. A society fully aware of mutual dependence can establish fair relations not only between people, but also to our environment, to the whole of nature.

Sixth illusion : we are poor, and God has to help us

The human brain is the most complex emergent piece of matter. God has to be understood as a symbol of our skills, he has to open our mind to love, to the ideas of mutual dependence and responsibility. What has remained from our pristine ties to the whole existence? We are a part of the whole.

But what is the worst – We have to stop to believe, to believe in the fundamentality of material world. It is more than obvious, that all material emerges under influence of nonmaterial nonenergetical information. This is the key problem of human mind. Stop to believe materialistically! Common material things are not crucial, they are secondary, which also means that we have to come to the prehension by a double abandonment.

First, we have to abandon dogmas of clerical origin – divine kind of beliefs, and also dogmas of material origin – common sense kind of beliefs. When this beliefs are gone, what remains is a pure spirituality: a full open view of any possible continuation of evolution, to which everyone has a bit to contribute. This contribution has to represent true humanity and incorporates responsibility for the future.

Who are we ?

Are we the best in the universe? Can we be the selected population of creatures? What is our pivotal advantage, and disadvantage? Are we ready to answer these questions? Do we know who we really are? Are we only material beings? What is essential? What is nonessential?

Can we suppose that we all will behave rationally? What is rational? What is natural? What is fiction? What is nonfiction?

We have achieved some experience. But not all, surely not the last extension of this experience represent true humanity. We have to go back – to the times, when this experience was not in collision with natural wisdom, we have to cancel the last inhumane evolution, and follow our empathy.

The way out – solar energy

Sun is the driver for Earth's vegetation and life. Let us recognize this simple nonfiction. The technology of solar cells is now very good. But we have to jointly engage against an artificial barrier – the offered prices of electric cars. We have to demant from the car producers the costing differences between cars driven with a combustion and an electric engine. Good batteries are not cheap, but there are lot of things, which are not needed in an electric car, compared to the smoky ones.

Furthermore, our considerable research interest has to incorporate solar energy storage - better and cheaper batteries.

We have also to recognize the possibility of direct supplying of human body thru solar radiation. Wait, you will say, that is fiction, but my friend has for some years reduced his food consumption, including a mental training, he needs today just little alimentation. He feels better in form, and healthier, than before.

References

[1] G. E. Volovik : The Universe in a Helium Droplet, Oxford University Press 2003

: G. E. Volovik : Topology of quantum vacuum, arXiv 1111.4627 (2012)

[2] M. Blasone, P. Jizba, G. Vitiello : Quantum Field Theory And Its Macroscopic Manifestations, Imperial College Press 2011

: H. Umezawa : Advanced Field Theory: Micro, Macro, and Thermal Physics, AIP 1993

[3] D. Levan : What is IT and a BIT, FQXi 2013

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Entry for 2013 FQXi essay competition “It from Bit or Bit from It” on June 28, 2013.

What is IT and a BIT

Abstract

IT in a double magnitude, as a material reality component or a hidden all inclusive

answer to our questions in the interaction with BITs. BITs as discernible difference

from equality. BITs as information which origin is not restricted to common tan-

gible domain. Hidden information from momentum space topology represent

the root knowledge for our universe space-time. The conversion or metamorphosis

of this edge physical BITs to common physical ITs proceed by spontaneous sym-

metry break or coherent information emergence. Top-down causation assemble

the invisible links, which complete the miraculous origins of order.

Introduction

Quantum physics opened a new insights. But this understanding of nature is not yet accepted. I suppose that main reason is our common sense. What is not tangible is hardly appreciated. So the first issue is our material faith or belief. The second issue is again our belief, but now of a divine activity. Our crucial archetypal images of unknown is allied to metaphysical deities. It is not easy to change our psyche.

Nature knows and human is amazed. Natural knowledge is not only ponderable, but mostly immaterial, or mental. Quantum physics opened a window, which was prohibited. Dogmas all around stopped the understanding of natural processing. Our doubtful response to divine top-down was a materialistic based reverse bottom-up causation.

Interrogation

Let me start with the certainly easier question – what is a BIT ?

Can we put a equivalence sign between bit and information?

Is the bit a quantum based discrete, noncontinuous interpretation, or basic characteriza-tion, of resolution, of inequality?

How begins the inequality?

How begins IT? The all inclusive IT or the common material IT (mIT) ?

Back to the easier question. All is about our common understanding, our mutual links of knowledge, out of unequal quale of conscious humans. How do man feel the BIT. Which measure is the universal one, to be accepted by the community to be mutual, general, and common?

There is no doubt that quantum description of nature is the most acceptable, which means that those who think about this puzzler have this kind of feeling based out of numerous experimental, mutual evidences and experiences. A web of links makes us some kind of sure – a kind of certain.

Than I think, is no problem to take the strait way and accept the BIT as the most primary distinction of inequality. And let me be so free and insolent to make a connection between bit and information. Information as discernment.

But what kind of meaning do we have about information? Better, what is available? On one side we have the Kolmogorov-Chaitin view and on the other the Shannon, not equal one.

Kolmogorov and Chaitin algorithmic information theory principally studies complexity measures as a sequence of strings. Shannon negentropy as key measure of information – defined information, which decreases entropy - which is usually expressed by the average number of bits needed to store or communicate one symbol in a message. Both as sequence of symbols, but far to have the same outcome.

Let us stay fontal – with symbols. Primary bit origin can be understood as the fundamental symbol. The symbol of state which is discernible. There is no way to be outside this symbols in nature. We are always inside the web of symbols their connections – graphs with specific meanings – graphs which expand and shape the topology of space. It is in first instance not so important whether this bits / informations are virtual or real, they form the virtual space and inform in real space. Virtual space is the momentum space with quantum vacuum topology and real space is the space-time of our universe with dynamical quantum field.

There are other measures of information in real space. But they do not cover the true bit picture. For instance entropy is a ever growing measure of uncertainty how the material units settle down into possible states. Entropy increase equals coarse graining, averaging and loss of physical information in classical unequal view. Coarse graining is induced by the thermodynamics of emergence – a macroscopic averaging of microscopic information.

Complexity is the other measure. But it is not far reaching to suspect complexity as measure of our insensibility, our lack of understanding of informational links. We miss the hidden level which our understanding is not able to cover. It lies under the surface of today paradigm allowed recognition.

We produce artificial unnatural constructions such self-organized criticality, autopoesis, or bootstrap which all have a false bottom-up causation as a central dogma and are constructed to produce mITs without outside material help – from nothing or from its own black box. They are not helpful but misleading. They do not contain the true hints for emergence of order, they cannot actually there are no outside material causes for emergence. They represent only a mismatch or misinterpretation of back coupling as causation.

Our knowledge is limited. So our appreciation of BITs. We are mostly far away to grasp the web of bits from which the natural blueprint or so called order emerges.

A lot of bits/informations means lot of order, lot of natural knowledge, high complexity and a possible high entropy level.

From an other view high complexity or high entropy does not mean lot of detected bits, or high unveiled information contend, its only a over surface estimation of exserted misunderstood order. This is our common – material, bottom-up view. This view is full of miracles, which follow the way from bottom and let emerge upwards mITs seemingly out of nothing.

Are we so poor or deplorable to accept such miracles? Are there any hints to explain such miracles. I think, we have such. Spontaneously symmetry breaking (SSB) is the key hint, followed by extraordinary effective free energy handling in nature – the Goldilocks effect [4]. They are actually connected. A general natural optimum searches for the most effective processing of information.

Let me cite Grigory Volovik [1] energy-momentum primary description of natural nonfictions. This view opens the link of understanding how natural optimum of free energy handling created a Goldilocks quantum based dynamical keeping of available energy resources to process live and homeostasis as a dynamical show of natural potentialities.

Because of energy (momentum) essential view of nature, we can follow the topology of momentum space and let emerge mIT from topology. Topology incorporates the phase discernment. Discernment coupled with changing information, because topology is made from natural opportunities described by graphs of information. So a BIT of topology let emerge mIT in universe, and simultaneously mIT can probably bias a little bit – in ever present back-coupling the next evolution of natural opportunities, information or BITs. Physical common ITs are a kind of materialized durable natural memory. They stabilize and direct the evolution together with feedback from the surroundings. mIT is from BIT, concurrently mIT influences dynamically BITs.

Let me describe this process exactly. How emerges the hidden order – virtual information from momentum space topology into real space-time patterns?

Emergence is the result of spontaneously broken symmetry. SSB represent a phase transition, during which emerges asymmetry/inequality based on information/BIT. Originally symmetrical state spontaneously changes to an asymmetrical one. A pattern or structure emerges which contains/bears information. This information is carried by Nambu-Goldstone bosons [2], which maintain the emerged structure.

From a other point of view emergence starts from a messy chaotic state which will align. The coherent quantum information escapes as a coherent domain – this is mIT. Nature prepares the conditions for emergence of the wanted information. Macroscopic manifestations of quantum based information [2] represent today's best validation of our comprehension of quantum world and its description by a QFT – quantum field theory.

Artificial instruments have defined qualities – and let emerge only special tuned information as laser light of a specific frequency, but natural materials are tunable and let emerge needed information (e.g. microtubular biophotons of variable energy and wavelenght, or coherent neural domains – NCC – neural correlates of consciousness with specific boson based conscious memory-patterns).

Central invention

Topology of homogeneous quantum vacuum in momentum space is connected via a kind of Maldacena AdS/CFT correspondence, a mirroring Fourier transform, to topology of non -homogeneous quantum vacuum in space-time of common universe. And in the presence of available/free energy is this energy formed to patterns which emerge out of the dynamical space-time topology represented by the tendencies of quantum field steered or biased probabilities. Grigory Voloviks basic topological tetrad field [1] is not to detect – it is the genuine blueprint – a web of informations/BITs connected into graphs. But in the presence of energy this blueprint come to the fore – emerge to energetic patterns (such as gravity field) and material structure of mITs. The natural blueprint is the momentum space topology, which is not static but dynamical and evolving as a result of influencing background information, a core web of BITs, which are connected via graphs. This graphs generate and gauge the topology of momentum space quantum vacuum.

The Goldilocks efficiency [4] shows the outcome of this evolutionary process. Changing conditions influenced by the most durable mITs influence also the web of BITs, which made up the best, potent and endure mITs. mITs which are the best in harvesting and collecting available energy, and simultaneously the best in competition in their environment. Also because keep at disposal the largest energy resources. The mITs which are the optimal outcome of the underlying web of BITs, which means, they are the result of a top-down causation. The underlying web of virtual information is the top natural level, which let mITs emerge, mostly bottom-up. But we have not to be disoriented, by the material bottom-up way of emergence, and distinguish the natural way of pattern (mITs) construction, which is the result of structure-function optimum on the top level – web of BITs, from top-down causation.

EPR paradox and Bell's inequality in proof of Alain Aspect [5] are in congruence with the instant present core web of BITs. Information in nature are accessible online, live without any delay. This is surprising, but in agreement with observations [7] which are a eyesore of today material paradigm. Again we have to distinguish between signal coupled with energy which has limited propagation speed and energy free information without such a limit. Fourier transform of core topological pattern made from web of information in momentum space instantly reaches any position in space-time of our universe. Certainly the issue with accessibility of information remains. Accessibility of signals are given. Now come into the limelight the problem with definition of information. Kolmogorov and Shannon description is about signals. Semantics of information is affected by today's paradigm.

Proofs and evidences

Are there any other hints, any objective evidence for this web of BITs? Let me firstly refer to quantum no-hidding theorem confirmed by Samal, Pati and Kumar [3] which has only one message – quantum information cannot be erased, is eternal.

Second proof comes from momentum space topology. Spectral observations contain information in the form of spectral lines and bands which display the presence of universal

BITs – phase diagrams, domains with special properties [1] available everywhere in space -time.

Next Alain Aspects observations [5] show decisive the evidence of quantum entanglement. Fast quantum Fourier transform used for information exchange [6] from energy -momentum space to space-time representations is an other excellent support and evidence of foregoing speculations.

Now what leftover is a philosophical problem. What is objective, what is subjective, and what is conformity. History of this case is a struggle between common subjectivity of community – conformity, and objectivity of experimental evidence, which is sometimes disregarded by actual paradigm, even worse designated as unscientific and subjective, a kind of private subjectivity in contrast to common subjectivity of conformity. But only experimental evidence is decisive and objective!

Outcomes

The all inclusive IT equals the web of BITs, and the mITs represent the unity of material physical ITs and massless virtual BITs in the presence of energy.

We have to distinguish information and signal. Information is made from BITs, signal from ITs. Signals have limited speed of propagation, information is instantly present.

The result is : all is there. But we can't touch the all inclusive IT, we can touch only common physical ITs. It is not important to dispute what is top and what is bottom. The mirroring of momentum space topological information on to a space-time probability of quantum tendencies let change top to bottom and vice-versa. Information is primary, matter secondary. mITs are in the unity with the hidden BITs. One can think of BITs as of top level or most bottom level, never mind, it is the causing/acting level. On the other hand is the mITs level, which is the reacting/feedback coupling level. The crucial difference of this levels is, that the BIT level contains all information and the mITs level not – because of coarse graining induced by the decoherence following the emergence – a macroscopic averaging of microscopic information.

Our universe of mITs goes to a heat death with no available free energy. This heat death cools down and introduces a status quo of materialized memory with no evolution after all. A death with maximal entropy. This is also the fate of the web of BITs, but information retain. Our common sense is here again false – it does not distinguish between potentiality and existence. BITs are and will be present, but without free energy not capable to emerge into mITs. No-hidding of quantum information – a conservation law for the hidden web of BITs holds!

I think we have the cues to understand nature. Not the theory of everything, but the experimental evidences are available. Only our common horse sense is not ready to accept all the consequences. First, there is a web of links, no duality, no true severance. All have common sources, all have to act responsibly. Secondly, our thoughts connected with BITs are leading to circumambient things which represent mITs. Certainly not wholly, because of influence of environmental thoughts and materialized memory of mITs. Not only our thoughts are decisive, we are a partition of the whole.

There is little evidence for any kind of an intelligent plan, teleology or teleonomy. Any kind of plan will be binding – not really creative, not free for any proceeding. There is no stable unit, no fixed immovable point in nature, all is in dynamical evolution followed by information increase. Any continuation is possible, and no one can be foreseen as the right one. We all co-create the future here and now, everywhere and always. Nature desires growth and increase of BITs. This seems to be the only starting condition to the whole all inclusive IT.

But the worst – we have to stop believe, stop the confidence of apparently fundamental material world, stop to lean on some pillar or support. It is more than obvious, that mIT emerges from immaterial, free of energy virtual BITs, tendencies of quantum world biased probabilities. The key problem for human mind is to stop think materialistically, stop to think conformal. The common mITs – material things are not crucial they are secondary. Which also has the meaning that we have to came to insight by a double abandonment.

First we have to abandon dogmas of clerical origin – divine kind of believes, and also dogmas of material origin – common sense kind of confidence. After vanishing of reliance remains a free progression of virtual information – an open expansion of the web of BITs. A full open view of any possible continuation of evolution, to which anyone has a bit to contribute. This co-creation incorporates responsibility for the future. Insight by abandonment of confidence and incorporation of liability for the whole all inclusive IT.

No more needed oddities

Above established understanding of natural processing let some artificial constructions created to explain some troubles with physics to disappear. In this moment let me convey my opinion about the hierarchy of laws. Exact laws of chemistry are all covered by the physical laws, which itself embody more than clarification and generalization of chemical laws. In the same vein are physical laws, which represent our present understanding expressed in not always clear and harmonizing notation, only an approach to general and universal natural laws.

What is no more needed from our physical laws?

A. Our vision of global relativity and homogeneity within universe is not valid. Relativity is only local in region with not changing energy-momentum density.

B. Local causality within space-time territory is broken. Quantum entanglement opens the window for locally noncausal phenomena. We have to think wholly and incorporate global informational field – web of BITs – with links embedded in the quantum field.

C. Speed of light as a limiting speed for information transfer is to state more precisely. Energetic signals have this limitation, but not information exchange. Group velocity is the limiting speed for electromagnetic energy bundles. But information are carried outside this limit.

D. Inflation phase of the early universe was artificially created exactly to cover this issue with no explainable information exchange within expanding universe.

E. Isotropic universe is a bad simplification. Topology is represented by a tetrad field, which is the root of energy-momentum tensor. This itself dynamically generates the gravity field. In this manner is the result a dynamical universe, where gravity is secondary to topology. Topology is a virtual background carrying information about how to distribute available energy.

F. General relativity as theory of gravity. Because, there is no global relativity, and there is a non-vanishing dynamical component of local momentum abandoned in general relativity. This component increases the gravity force of rotating systems in comparison to systems without spin. So we receive a discrepancy in rotating galaxies and galaxy clusters.

G. Dark matter in galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Even our common sense is capable to accept that a spinning and twisting system is energetically more copious than the same system at rest.

H. Dark energy or cosmological constant. No need for this term to explain our observations of the universe. All dynamics is generated by the topology. Big bang as the seminal fluctuation decoupled negative energy as negative pressure of cosmic expansion and positive energy which was formed by the tetrad field – web of BITs – into gravity field patterns, electromagnetic field patterns, strong and weak nuclear fields patterns, crystalline fields patterns, superfluidity and superconductivity field patterns, organic or morphic field patterns, nerve or mental field patterns with embossed matter structures – mITs.

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Acknowledgement

My special acknowledgement belongs to Giuseppe Vitiello, Grigory E. Volovik, Emilio Del Giudice, Fotini Markopoulou, Olaf Dreyer, Giacomo M. D'Ariano, David Bohm, Roger Penrose, Hiroomi Umezawa, Paul K. Feyerabend, Seth Lloyd, Subir Sachdev, Harold S. Burr, Steven Weinberg, Alain Aspect, Lee Smolin, Rupert Sheldrake, Jack A. Tuszynski, Stuart Hameroff, Michael Levin, Walter J. Freeman, Hermann Haken, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Reginald T. Cahill, Leonardo Chiatti, Giuseppe Longo, Joao Magueijo, Nick E. Mavromatos, Daniele Oriti, Masanao Ozawa, Giulio Chiribella, Fritz-Albert Popp and Arun K. Pati. Their expert knowledge was leading for my somewhat peculiar point of view.

References

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: G. E. Volovik : Topology of quantum vacuum, arXiv 1111.4627 (2012)

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[5] A. Aspect, J. Dalibard and G. Roger, Experimental Test of Bell's Inequalities Using Time-Varying Analyzers, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 49, Iss. 25, pp.1804–1807 (1982)

[6] M.A. Nielsen, I.L. Chuang : Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press 2000

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: R.G Jahn, B.J. Dunne : Margins of Reality: The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World, Mariner Books 1989

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