한국의

Korean is the official language of South Korea and North Korea as well as one of the two official languages in China's Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. Approximately 78 million people speak Korean worldwide. For over a millennium, Korean was written with adapted Chinese characters called hanja, complemented by phonetic systems like hyangchal, gugyeol, and idu. In the 15th century, a national writing system called hangul was commissioned by Sejong the Great, but it only came into widespread use in the 20th century, because of the yangban aristocracy's preference for hanja.

Most historical linguists classify Korean as a language isolate while a few consider it to be in the controversial Altaic language family.[3] The Korean language is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax.

 

Lesson 1 Hangul Alphabet System

Lesson 2 Double Vowels (모음)

ㅐ     ㅒ     ㅔ     ㅖ     ㅘ     ㅙ     ㅝ     ㅞ      

eir     yeir     ere     yere     wa     where     wo     weo      

                                                 

ㅟ     ㅢ                                          

weou     wei

Lesson 3 Use of Consonants (자음) and Vowels (모음)

Vowels in the korean languages may be attached to the left, right or beneath each other in order to form a word, the following are examples of their use : -

When constructing a word, you must add a mixture of consonants and vowels, beginning with the consonant at the beginning of the word. In some cases, there is no need to use a consonant at the beginning in which case ㅇ (null character) is used.

More on constructing words

A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "vertical vowel" is written with the consonant on the left and the vowel on the right

ㄴ + ㅏ = 나

n + a = na

A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "horizontal vowel" is written with the consonant on top and the vowel underneath:

ㅁ + ㅗ = 모

m + o = mo

If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and consonant, the final consonant, called patch'im (meaning "supporting floor" in Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- of that syllable.

ㅁ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 만

m + a + n = man

Sources

http://www.learn-korean.net/learn-korean-classes-viewarticle-7.html

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/korean.htm