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Where?
Where is this? Koko wa doko desuka?
Where is the station? Eki wa doko desuka?
To where do you go? Doko e iki masuka?
From where does the bus depart? Basu wa doko kara shuppatsu shimasuka?
doko: where?
koko: here
eki: train station
basu: bus
_ e: to _
_ kara: from _
shuppatsu suru: to depart <shuppatsu (departure) + suru (to do)>
Basic Rules
koko (here), soko (there) and asoko (over there) refer the place.
Verbs have different forms with different endings. Basic form is called jisho-kei (dictionary form). The basic form ends with the u-column syllables (u, ku, su, tsu, nu, mu, ru).
Examples: iku (to go), kaku (to write), suru (to do)
Directions
You turn right at the 3rd crossing. Mittsu-me no kōsaten o migi e magari masu.
Go straight this way about 50m. Kono michi o gojū-mētoru kurai massugu iki masu.
Turn left at the T-junction. Tsukiatari o hidari e magari masu.
It is on the right-hand side of the street. Dōro no migi gawa ni ari masu.
mittsu-me: 3rd
kōsaten: crossing
michi: way, street
dōro: road
tsukiatari: far end (of the street)
migi: right / hidari: left
_ gawa: _ side / hantai gawa: opposite side
massugu: straight
magaru: to turn
mētoru: meters / kiro: kilo meters
Basic Rules
Ordinal number (1st, 2nd, 3rd) = cardinal number (1, 2, 3) + banme
Examples: ni-banme (2nd), roku-banme (6th), jū go-banme (15th)
In daily conversation, 1st to 9th are often spoken in different ways.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th hitotsu-me, futatsu-me, mittsu-me, yottsu-me, itsutsu-me, muttsu-me, nanatsu-me, yattsu-me, kokonotsu-me
Destination
Is this bound for Shinjuku? Kore wa Shinjuku iki desuka?
What time is the next one to Tokyo? Tsugi no Tōkyō iki wa nan-ji desuka?
Which platform is the train to Osaka? Ōsaka iki wa nan-bansen desuka?
From Tokyo to London is full Tōkyō hatsu Rondon iki wa manseki desu.
_hatsu: from_ / _iki: to_ (bound for_)
Shinjuku: one of the largest station in Tōkyō
Ōsaka: 2nd largest city in Japan
_bansen: platform number_
manseki: full, fully occupied
at _
Does this bus stop at Shibuya? Kono basu wa Shibuya de tomari masuka?
Express train does not stop at that station.
Kyūkō wa sono eki de tomari masen.
Change to yamanote-line at Tokyo station. Tōkyō eki de Yamanotesen e norikae masu.
At where do I change? Doko de norikae desuka?
_de: at_ (place)
Shibuya: one of the most popular downtown in Tōkyō
kyūkō: express
Yamanotesen: Yamanote line (train in Tokyo)
tomaru: to stop
norikaeru: to change, to transfer, to connect
norikae: transfer
by _
How long does it take on foot? Aruki de donokurai kakari masuka?
About 15 minutes by bus. Basu de jūgo-fun kurai desu.
How long did it took by train? Densha de nan-jikan kakari mashitaka?
Is it near? / Is it far? Chikai desuka? / Tōi desuka?
_de: by_ (means)
aruki: on foot, walking
densha: train
chikai: near, close / tōi: far
Basic Rules
Particles de (place) and de (means) are pronounced the same way, but the function of these is entirely different.
want to _
I want to go to Mt. Fuji. Fujisan e iki taidesu.
I want to get on the 8 o'clock bus. Hachi-ji no basu ni nori taidesu.
I want to send a package at the post office. Yūbinkyoku de nimotsu o okuri taidesu.
What do you want to eat? Nani o tabe taidesuka?
_tai: want to_
Fujisan: highest mountain in Japan
yūbinkyoku: post office
nimotsu: package, baggage
noru: to get on, to ride
okuru: to send
taberu: to eat
Basic Rules
want to_:
Affirmative: _taidesu (present) / _takattadesu (past)
Negative: _takuarimasen (present) / _takuarimasendeshita (past)
Question: _taidesuka? (present) / _takattadesuka? (past)
Examples: tabe taidesu (want to eat), tabe takuarimasen (don't want to eat), tabe takattadesuka? (Did you want to eat?), tabe takuarimasendeshita (didn't want to eat)
want to do_
I want to exchange money at the bank. Ginkō de ryōgae o shitai desu.
I want to make a phone call to overseas. Kaigai ni denwa o shitai desu.
Do you want to do shopping in Akihabara? Akihabara de kaimono o shitai desuka?
What do you want to do? Nani o shitai desuka?
_o shitai: want to do_
ryōgae: money exchange
denwa: phone call
kaimono: shopping
ginkō: bank
kaigai: overseas
Akihabara: popular shopping area for electric appliances (Tokyo)
Basic Rules
want to do:
Affirmative: shi taidesu (present) / shi takattadesu (past)
Negative: shi takuarimasen (present) / shi takuarimasendeshita (past)
Question: shi taidesuka? (present) / shi takattadesuka? (past)
Examples: kaimono o shi taidesu (want to do shopping), kaimono o shi takuarimasen (don't want to do shopping), kaimono o shi takattadesuka? (Did you want to do shopping?)
_ please.
Reserved seat please. Shitei seki o onegaishimasu.
To Hakata at 2 o'clock please. Ni-ji no Hakata iki o onegaishimasu.
Return ticket please. Ōfuku kippu o onegaishimasu.
To Kyoto station please. Kyōto eki made onegaishimasu.
onegaishimasu: please
shitei seki: reserved seat / jiyū seki: nonreserved seat
ōfuku kippu: return ticket / katamichi kippu: one-way ticket
Hakata: one of the largest station in Kyūshū
Kyōto: ancient capital city, popular tourist destination
Please _.
Please stop here.
Koko de tome te kudasai.
Please get off at Shibuya station. Shibuya eki de ori te kudasai.
Please change to the bullet train.
Shinkansen e norikae te kudasai.
Please cancel the reservation. Yoyaku o kyanseru shi te kudasai.
...te (tte) kudasai: Please _.
tomeru: to stop
oriru: to get off
norikaeru: to change, to transfer
shinkansen: bullet train
yoyaku: reservation, booking
kyanseru: cancel
Basic Rules
_ please:
verb + te (tte) + kudasai
Examples: tabe te kudasai (Please eat), i tte kudasai (Please go), no tte kudasai (Please get on)
Can you (please)_?
Can you write here? Koko ni kaite morae masuka?
Can you take a photo? Shashin o totte morae masuka?
Can you tell the address? Jūsho o oshiete morae masuka?
Can you do the cleaning? Sōji o shite morae masuka?
_te (tte) morae masuka?: Can you (please)_?
kaku: to write
toru: to take
oshieru: to tell, to teach
shasin: photo
jūsho: address
sōji: cleaning
Basic Rules
Can you (please)_?:
verb + te (tte) + morae masuka?
Examples: tome te morae masuka? (Can you stop?), i tte morae masuka? (Can you go?), ka tte morae masuka? (Can you buy?)
Source: http://japanese-lesson.com/conversation/basic_japanese/
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