Phonological and Phonemic Awareness and Phonics
Phonological awareness (i.e., the awareness that oral language is composed of smaller units, such as spoken words and syllables)
Involves the detection and manipulation of sounds at three levels of sound structure: syllables, onsets and rimes, and phonemes
Phonemic awareness (i.e., a specific type of phonological awareness involving the ability to distinguish the separate phonemes in a spoken word); applies only to speech sounds not alphabet letters or sound-spellings and thus does not require knowledge of the alphabetic principle
Phonics: knowing and matching letters/letter patterns with sounds, learning the rules of spelling, and decoding and encoding (writing) words.
Other phonological abilities include attending to speech, discriminating between sounds, and holding sounds in memory. Unlike phonological and phonemic awareness, these are non-reflective abilities.
Developmental sequence: syllables, onsets and syllable rimes, phonemes
Progression of tasks for phonological awareness:
songs, nursery rhymes, and games to increase awareness of speech sounds and rhythms
tasks involving the detection of alike/different sounds (oddity tasks)
tasks requiring manipulation of sounds (deletion tasks)
blending tasks
segmentation tasks
From NH Foundations of Reading Study Guide and Wikipedia page of Phonological awareness.