Homework consists of tasks related to their school studies which students are expected to complete outside school hours.
Homework has been a perennial topic of debate in education (Marzano & Pickering, 2007).
Research-Based Homework Guidelines:
Research provides strong evidence that, when used appropriately, homework benefits student achievement (Cooper, Robinson & Patall, 2006). When used ineffectively, homework may have a negative effect on student achievement. There is limited evidence that homework has positive effects in grades K-6, and some evidence that it has negative effects (Cooper, Robinson & Patall, 2006).
To make sure that homework is appropriate, teachers should follow these guidelines:
Focusing on the amount of time students spend on homework, however, may miss the point. A significant proportion of the research on homework indicates that the positive effects of homework relate to the amount of homework that the student is engaged in rather than the amount of time spent on homework or the amount of homework actually assigned. Thus, simply assigning homework may not produce the desired effect—in fact, ill-structured homework might even have a negative effect on student achievement. Teachers must carefully plan and assign homework in a way that maximizes the potential for student success.
This relates back to the first bullet. Students report that they want homework to feel important, and that it should help them toward their goals. By contrast, they report that much of the homework that’s given can seem random and feels like busy-work (Cushman, 2010). To be effective homework must be engaging and stimulate interest, appropriately mix practice of current skills with challenge (which requires differentiation), and build students' sense of efficacy.
Sources:
Cooper, H., Robinson, J. C., & Patall, E. A. (2006). Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987-2003. Review of Educational Research, 76(1), 1-62.
Cushman, K. (2010). Chapter 8: Is homework "deliberate practice" Fires in the mind: What kids can tell us about motivation and mastery. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Marzano, R., & Pickering, D. (2007). Special topic: The case for and against homework. Edcational Leadership, 64(6), 74-79.