Australian Ballot/SB2
Warrant Article Voting by Official Ballot (aka the Australian Ballot)
in New Hampshire Towns
By Robert G. Eaton
Town Moderator – Rye, New Hampshire
In 1995, the New Hampshire Legislature passed what is popularly known, after
the Senate bill that engendered it, as “SB2”. SB2, codified at RSA 40:13, permits towns
to adopt “the official ballot for voting on all issues before the voters” at the same time
they elect local officials. Adoption of SB2 requires a 3/5 majority vote at the polls.
Similarly, after a town adopts SB2, a 3/5 majority is needed to rescind it. Under SB2, the
annual town meeting is divided into two sessions that are held about a month apart. The
first session, known as the “Deliberative Session”, “consist[s] of explanation, discussion,
and debate of each warrant article.” There is no up or down vote on warrant articles at
the first session, that being reserved for the second session – the official ballot on election
day. SB2 official balloting is available to both towns and school districts. It is said that
SB2 was enacted for two primary reasons: (1) in today’s busy world, many people do not
have time to participate in a town meeting lasting many hours and perhaps over several
days, but still want to vote on warrant articles; and (2) a popular belief that taxes would
go down if budgets were defeated at the polls through increased voter participation,
particularly by seniors who go south for the winter and cannot attend town meeting, but
could cast absentee ballots.
A 2007 study1
found that since it was enacted in 1995, of 219 New Hampshire
towns, 57 had adopted SB2. There had been 22 votes to rescind SB2 after it was adopted,
but only three were successful. 28 towns voted not to adopt SB2. 69 New Hampshire
school districts also adopted SB2, while 19 declined to do so. There were 25 attempts to
rescind SB2 in New Hampshire school districts; none were successful. By 2009, 63
towns and 73 school districts had adopted SB2.2
Towns adopting SB2 tend to be larger –
SB2 towns have an average population of 7,500; non-SB2 towns have about 2,600
residents. SB2 towns also grew three times faster between 1990 and 2000 than non-SB2
towns.
As the statistics show, once SB2 is adopted, it is hard to bring back the traditional
town meeting. The reasons for this are three-fold. First, 3/5 of the voters must choose to
do so. Second, RSA 40:13 requires the rescission question to be framed in language that
might make one think he or she is giving up the right to vote on warrant articles
altogether. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, it is hard to get any majority, let alone
a 3/5 one, when 80% of the voters deciding the question do not come to town meeting.
That 80%, arguably, is being asked to disenfranchise itself. Thus, it is no surprise that
only three of 45 rescission attempts have been successful.
1
D. Delay, SB2 Adoption and Rescission Votes: 1996-2006, New Hampshire Center for Public Policy
Studies, www.nhpolicy.org/reports/sb2_referenda_02_07.pdf (March 2007).
2
See statistics regarding the adoption and rescission of SB2 by the New Hampshire Department of
Revenue Administration, www.nh.gov/revenue/munc_prop/SenateBill2Municipalites.htm (Jan. 23, 2009)