3.13

यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तो मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषैः ।

भुञ्जते ते त्वघं पापा ये पचन्त्यात्मकारणात् ॥ १३ ॥

yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ santo

mucyante sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ

bhuñjate te tv aghaṁ pāpā

ye pacanty ātma-kāraṇāt

पदच्छेद: पदपरिचय: पदार्थ:  padacchedaḥ padaparicayaḥ padārthaḥ

разбиение слов, грамматика слов, значение слов

йаджн̃а-ш́ишт̣а-аш́инах̣  — те, кто ест пищу, оставшуюся после ягьи; (м, 1.3)

сантах̣ — святые; (м, 1.3)

мучйанте — освобождаются; (кармаНи, лаТ, 1.3) {मुचॢँ मोक्षणे तुदादिः उभयपदी सकर्मकः अनिट् मुचादिः} https://ashtadhyayi.com/dhatu/06.0166 

сарва-килбишаих̣ — всеми видами грехов; (с, 3.3)

бхун̃джате — вкушают; (лаТ, атм, 1.3) https://ashtadhyayi.com/dhatu/07.0017 

те — они; (тад, м, 1.3)

ту — но; (ав)

агхам — тяжкий грех; (с, 2.1)

па̄па̄х̣ — грешники; (м, 1.3)

йе — которые; (йад, м, 1.3)

пачанти — готовят пищу; (лаТ, 1.3)

а̄тма-ка̄ран̣а̄т — по причине себя (с, 5.1)

पदार्थः padārthaḥ

यज्ञ-शिष्टाशिनः = यज्ञशेषभोजिनः। सन्तः = साधवः। सर्व-किल्बिषैः = सकलपापैः। मुच्यन्ते = त्यज्यन्ते। ये पापाः = ये च पापिनः। आत्म-कारणात् = आत्मार्थम्। पचन्ति = पचन्ति। ते तु = तादृशाः तु। अघं = पापम्। भुञ्जते = अनुभवन्ति 

yajña-śiṣṭāśinaḥ = yajñaśeṣabhojinaḥ; santaḥ = sādhavaḥ; sarva-kilbiṣaiḥ = sakalapāpaiḥ; mucyante = tyajyante; ye pāpāḥ = ye ca pāpinaḥ; ātma-kāraṇāt = ātmārtham; pacanti = pacanti; te tu = tādṛśāḥ tu; aghaṁ = pāpam; bhuñjate = anubhavanti 

अन्वय:  anvayaḥ

यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तः सर्वकिल्बिषै मुच्यन्ते। ये तु आत्मकारणात् पचन्ति , ते पापाः अघं भुञ्जते । 

yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santaḥ sarvakilbiṣai mucyante| ye tu ātmakāraṇāt pacanti , te pāpāḥ aghaṃ bhuñjate | 

Дословный перевод:

Те, кто ест пищу, принимаемую после совершения ягьи, (такие) святые всеми грехами высвобождаются. Те, кто, однако, для себя готовят, они грешники грех едят.

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

ataśca yajanta eva śreṣṭhāḥ | netara ityāha yajñaśiṣṭāśina iti | vaiśvadevādiyajñāvaśiṣṭaṃ ye'śnanti te pañcasūnākṛtaiḥ sarvaiḥ kilbiṣairmucyante | pañcasūnāśca smṛtāvuktāḥ kaṇḍanī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī | pañcasūnā gṛhasthasya tābhiḥ svargaṃ na vindati || iti ||

ye ātmano bhojanārthameva pacanti, na tu vaiśvadevādyarthaṃ te pāpā durācārā aghameva bhuñjate ||13||

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya

||3.13|| devayajñādīn nirvartya tacchiṣṭam aśanam amṛtākhyam aśituṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santaḥ mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ sarvapāpaiḥ cullyādipañcasūnākṛtaiḥ pramādakṛtahiṃsādijanitaiśca anyaiḥ| ye tu ātmaṃbharayaḥ bhuñjate te tu aghaṃ pāpaṃ svayamapi pāpāḥ ye pacanti pākaṃ nirvartayanti ātmakāraṇāt ātmahetoḥ||itaśca adhikṛtena karma kartavyam jagaccakrapravṛttiheturhi karma| kathamiti ucyate

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

3.13 Those again, who are yajna-sista-asinah, partakers of the remnants of sacrifices, who, after making offering to the gods and others, [The panca-maha-yajnas, five great offerings, which have to be made by every householder are offerings to gods, manes, humans, creatures and rsis (sages).] are habituated to eat the remnants (of those offerings), called nectar; they, santah, by being (so); mucyante, become freed; sarva-kilbisaih, from all sins-from those sins incurred through the five things [the five things are; oven, water-pot, cutting instruments, grinding machines and broom. A householder incurs sin by killing insects etc. with these things, knowingly or unknowingly. It is atoned by making the aforesaid five offerings.], viz oven etc., and also from those others incurred owing to injury etc. caused inadvertently. Tu, but; the papah, unholy persons, who are selfish; ye, who; pacanti, cook; atma-karanat, for themselves; te, they, being themselves sinful; bhunjate, incur; agham, sin. For the following reasons also actions should be undertaken by an eligible person. Action is definitely the cause of the movement of the wheel of the world. How? This is being answered:

Prabhupada

«Преданные слуги Господа освобождаются от всех видов греха, ибо едят пищу, которая была принесена в жертву Господу. Те же, кто готовит пищу ради того, чтобы самим наслаждаться ею, воистину, вкушают один лишь грех».

व्याकरणम् vyākaraṇam - грамматика