18.2
काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं सन्न्यासं कवयो विदु: ।
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणा: ॥ २ ॥
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
kāmyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ
sannyāsaṁ kavayo viduḥ
sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṁ
prāhus tyāgaṁ vicakṣaṇāḥ
पदच्छेद: पदपरिचय: पदार्थ: padacchedaḥ padaparicayaḥ padārthaḥ
разбиение слов, грамматика слов, значение слов
ш́рӣ-бхагава̄н ува̄ча — Верховный Господь сказал;
ка̄мйа̄на̄м — продиктованных желанием; (с, 6.3)
карман̣а̄м — деяний; (с, 6.3)
нйа̄сам — отвержение; (м, 2.1)
саннйа̄сам — отречение от мира; (м, 2.1)
кавайах̣ — ученые мудрецы; (м, 1.3)
видух̣ — знают; (лаТ, 1.3) विद्{कर्तरि;लट्;प्र;बहु;परस्मैपदी;विदँ;अदादिः}https://ashtadhyayi.com/dhatu/02.0059?type=ting
сарва-карма-пхала-тйа̄гам — всякой деятельности от результатов отказ;
пра̄хух̣ — называют; (лаТ, 1.3) प्र_ब्रू{कर्तरि;लट्;प्र;बहु;परस्मैपदी;प्र_ब्रूञ्;अदादिः}https://ashtadhyayi.com/dhatu/02.0039?type=ting
тйа̄гам — отрешенностью; (м, 2.1)
вичакшан̣а̄х̣ — сведущие люди (м, 1.3)
अन्वय: anvayaḥ
श्रीभगवान् उवाच -
कवयः काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं सन्न्यासं विदुः। सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं विचक्षणाः त्यागं प्राहुः।
śrībhagavān uvāca -
kavayaḥ kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ sannyāsaṃ viduḥ| sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ tyāgaṃ prāhuḥ|
or
śrī-bhagavān uvāca — kavayaḥ (sannyāsa-tattva-jñāḥ) kāmyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ sannyāsaṁ viduḥ (jānanti); vicakṣaṇāḥ (paṇḍitāḥ) sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṁ tyāgaṁ prāhuḥ (na tu karma-tyāgaṁ)
The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara
tatrottaraṃ śrībhagavānuvāca kāmyānāmiti | kāmyānāṃ putrakāmo yajeta svargakāmo yajetetyevamādi kāmopabandhena vihitānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ parityāgaṃ sannyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ | samyakphalaiḥsaha sarvakarmaṇāmapi nyāsaṃ sannyāsaṃ paṇḍitā vidurjānantītyarthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nityanaimittikānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ phalamātratyāgaṃ prāhustyāgaṃ prāhustyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇā nipuṇāḥ | na tu svarūpataḥ karmatyāgam |
nanu nityanaimittikānāṃ phalāśravaṇādavidyamānasya phalasya kathaṃ tyāgaḥ syāt | nahi bandhyāyāḥ putratyāgaḥ sambhavanti |
ucyate yadyapi svargakāmaḥ paśukāma ityādivadaharahaḥ sandhyāmupāsīta yāvajjīvamagnihotraṃ juhotītyādiṣu phalaviśeṣo na śrūyate tathāpyapuruṣārthe vyāpāre prekṣāvantaṃ pravartayitumaśaknuvan vidhirviśvajitā yajetetyādiṣviva sāmānyataḥ kimapi phalamākṣipatyeva | na cātīvagurumataḥ śraddhayā svasiddhireva vidheḥ prayojanamiti mantavyam | puruṣapravṛttyanupapatterduṣparaharatvāt | śrūyate ca nityādiṣvapi phalam sarva ete puṇyalokā bhavatīti | karmaṇā pitṛloka iti | dharmeṇa pāpamapanudanti ityevamādiṣu | tasmādyuktamuktaṃ sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ prāhustyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇā iti |
nanu phalatyāgena punarpai niṣphaleṣu karmasu pravṛttireva na syāt | tanna, sarveṣāmapi karmaṇāṃ saṃyogapṛthaktvena vividiṣārthatayā viniyogāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakeneti | tataśca śrutipadoktaṃ sarvaṃ phalaṃ bandhakatvena tyaktvā vividiṣārthaṃ sarvakarmānuṣṭhānaṃ ghaṭata eva | vividiṣā ca nityānityavastuvivekena nivṛttadehādyabhimānatayā buddheḥ pratyakpravaṇatā | tāvatparyantaṃ ca sattvaśuddhyarthaṃ jñānāviruddhaṃ yathocitamavaśyakaṃ karma kurvatastatphalatyāga eva karmatyāgo nāma | na svarūpeṇa
| tathā ca śrutiḥ kurvanneveha karmāṇi jijīviṣecchatāṃ samāḥ (Īśo 2) iti | tataḥ parantu sarvakarmanivṛttiḥ svata eva bhavati | taduktaṃ naiṣkarmyasiddhau pratyakpravaṇatāṃ buddheḥ karmāṇi utpādya śuddhitaḥ | kṛtārthānyastamāyānti prāvṛḍaste ghanā iva ||
uktaṃ ca bhagavatā yastvātmaratireva syādityādi | vaśiṣṭhena coktam
na karmāṇi tyajedyogī
karmabhistyajyate hyasau |
karmaṇo mūlabhūtasya
saṅkalpasyaiva nāśataḥ || iti |
jñānaniṣṭhāvikṣepakatvamālakṣya tyajedvā | taduktaṃ śrībhāgavate
tāvatkarmāṇi kurvīta
na nirvidyeta yāvatā |
matkathāśravaṇādau vā
śraddhā yāvanna jāyate || (BhP 11.20.9)
jñānaniṣṭho virakto vā
madbhakto vānapekṣakaḥ |
saliṅgānāśramāṃstyaktvā
caredavidhigocaraḥ || (BhP 11.18.28) ityādi |
alamatiprasaṅgena prakṛtamanusarāmaḥ ||2||
Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya
||18.2|| --,kāmyānām aśvamedhādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ saṃnyāsaśabdārtham? anuṣṭheyatvena prāptasya anuṣṭhānam? kavayaḥ paṇḍitāḥ kecit viduḥ vijānanti| nityanaimittikānām anuṣṭhīyamānānāṃ sarvakarmaṇām ātmasaṃbandhitayā prāptasya phalasya parityāgaḥ sarvakarmaphalatyāgaḥ taṃ prāhuḥ kathayanti tyāgaṃ tyāgaśabdārthaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ paṇḍitāḥ| yadi kāmyakarmaparityāgaḥ phalaparityāgo vā arthaḥ vaktavyaḥ? sarvathā parityāgamātraṃ saṃnyāsatyāgaśabdayoḥ ekaḥ arthaḥ syāt? na ghaṭapaṭaśabdāviva jātyantarabhūtārthau||
nanu nityanaimittikānāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalameva nāsti iti āhuḥ| katham ucyate teṣāṃ phalatyāgaḥ? yathā vandhyāyāḥ putratyāgaḥ naiṣa doṣaḥ? nityānāmapi karmaṇāṃ bhagavatā phalavattvasya iṣṭatvāt| vakṣyati hi bhagavān aniṣṭamiṣṭaṃ miśraṃ ca (gītā 18|12) iti na tu saṃnyāsinām (gītā 18|12) iti ca| saṃnyāsināmeva hi kevalaṃ karmaphalāsaṃbandhaṃ darśayan asaṃnyāsināṃ nityakarmaphalaprāptim bhavatyatyāgināṃ pretya (gītā 18|12) iti darśayati||
Перевод
Верховный Господь сказал: Отказ от деятельности ради удовлетворения материальных желаний великие мудрецы называют отречением от мира [санньясой]. А отказ от плодов всякой деятельности они именуют отрешенностью [тьягой].
व्याकरणम् vyākaraṇam - грамматика