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Importance of Agriculture
Agriculture is a primary activity.
Two-thirds of the population depends on it.
It provides raw materials to industries. E.g. tea, coffee, and spices.
Factors responsible for different types of farming
Climate
Relief features
Type of soil
Technology
Market facilities
Socio-cultural practices
Types of Farming
I) Primitive Subsistence Farming:
Practised on small patches in a few areas.
Use of traditional tools like hoe and digging sticks.
Involvement of family members.
Depends on monsoon and natural fertility.
It is also called 'Slash and Burn Agriculture', or, 'Shifting Agriculture'.
II) Intensive Subsistence Farming:
Practised in areas of high population.
More pressure on the land.
Labour - intensive.
High dosage of manure, fertilizers, and irrigational facilities.
Small land holdings and Maximum output.
Mainly, food crops are grown and consumed by the farmers.
III) Commercial Farming:
Large usage of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and HYV seeds.
Use of machinery.
Difference in degrees of commercialisation.
Rice is a commercial crop in Punjab and Haryana but subsistence in Haryana.
IV) Plantation Farming:
Single crop in a large area.
All produce is used in industries.
More labour is needed.
Well-developed transportation and communication connect the plantation areas.
Major crops are tea, coffee, rubber and sugarcane.
Processing industries and markets play an important role in the development of plantations.
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