Embedded Files
Download Math 30 SQPs pdf
Table of Contents
Basic Classifications
Forest Cover in India:
Dense Forests
Mangroves
Depletion of Forests and Wildlife
Before Independence:
Direct and indirect misuse
Expansion of railways and shifting cultivation
Mining
Commercial and Scientific forestry
After Independence:
Expansion of Agriculture
River valley projects
Infrastructural Development
Mining activities
Firewood Collection
Overgrazing
Types of Forests
Reserved Forests:
More than half of the forests of total forest areas.
Most valuable trees are grown and maintained by the government.
J&K, AP, TN, WB, Kerala, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand.
Protected Forests:
Almost one-third of the total forest area.
Protected from further depletion.
Maintained by the forest department.
Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Odisha, Rajasthan.
Unclassed Forests:
Forests and Waste lands.
Maintained by both the government and private individuals.
North Eastern states and Gujarat.
Factors Declining India's Diversity
Habitat destruction
Hunting and Poaching
Forest fires
Over-exploitation of resources
Environmental pollution
Forest Conservation
Conservation and expansion of Forest reserves.
Adopted Forest Policy in 1952 & modified in 1988.
Nation-wide forest conservation policy.
Emphasise on sustainable forest management.
Also meets the needs of the forest.
Forest Policy
Increase the forest cover through social forestry.
Aforestation on the degraded land.
Environmental stability and restore forests.
Check soil erosion, extension of the deserts and occurrences of floods and droughts.
Bring 33% per cent of the geographical areas under the forest cover.
Reasons for the Declination of Wildlife
Industrial and Technological advancements brought about a rapid increase in the exploitation of forest resources.
More and more lands were cleared for agriculture, human settlements, roads, mining, river valley projects, and reservoirs.
Incidence of forest fires.
Wildlife Conservation
In 1972, the Wildlife protection act was enacted to conserve and protect wildlife in India.
The main objectives of this act are to provide protection for endangered species and to provide legal support to the conservation areas classified as National parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and also closed areas.
There are 92 National Parks and 492 Wildlife Sanctuaries in India.
The Need for Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
To check the rapid decline in forest and wildlife populations.
To preserve the ecological diversity and our life support systems-water, air, and soil.
To preserve the genetic diversity of plants and animals for species and breeding.
To safeguard traditional crop varieties to maintain aquatic bio-diversity.
Community and Conservation
India has an ancient tradition of conservation of biodiversity.
Many communities have made a combined effort with government officials for conservation.
In the Sariska tiger reserve, Rajasthan, Villages have fought against mining by citing the wildlife protection act.
The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairo Dev Dakau Sonchuri declaring their own set of rules and regulations against hunting and outside encroachment.
The sacred groves are set up for the protection of plants and animals.
Chipko movement was launched for the protection of trees in Bihar and Himalayas.
Beej Bachao Andlolan in Tehri and Navdhanya were trying to save crop diversity.
Joint forest management programs are meant for the restoration of degraded forests.
Question - 1
What is Biodiversity? Why is it important for human lives?
Answer:Biodiversity is the existence of rich and varied plant and animal species that exist in a particular area and make a balanced environment.
Biodiversity is important for human lives as plants, animals, and micro-organisms are responsible for the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the soil on which we grow food.
Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are also primary producers on which all other living beings depend.
Question - 2
Explain any three adverse effects of the destruction of forests and wildlife.
Answer:Destruction of forests and wildlife leads to disturbances in the ecological balance of the environment.
It also affects the cultural loss of communities and their displacement.
It disturbs the food chain, the ecosystem, and the development of society.
Google Sites
Report abuse