Resources and Development

1. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of individuals. 

2. Accumulating resources in a few hands divides society into rich and poor. 

3. It has led to a global-ecological crisis or imbalance. Examples: Global Warming, Ozone layer depletion & environmental pollution.

1. For sustainable and economic development. 

2. For reducing the gap between rich and poor. 

3. For reducing the diversity of people with the help of technology and institutions. 

Examples: 

• In the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in Mineral and Coal resources. 

• Arunachal Pradesh has abundant water resources but lacks infrastructural development. 

• The state of Rajasthan is very well-endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. 

• The cold desert of Ladakh is isolated from the rest of the country but has a very rich cultural heritage but is deficient in water. 

1. Availability of resources. 

2. Technology. 

3. Quality of Human Resources. 

4. Historical experience of people. 

1. It supports human life. 

2. Natural Vegetation & Wildlife. 

3. Economic activities like Agriculture and Industry. 

4. Transport and Communication. 

5. It is also used for other purposes with careful planning. 

Physical Factors: 

1. Topography 

2. Climate

3. Soil 

Human Factors: 

1. Population Density

2. Technological Capabilities

3. Culture and Tradition

1. Aforestation 

2. Planting of Shelter belts

3. Controlling over grazing

4. Stabilization of sand-dunes by growing thorny bushes in deserts 

5. Proper management of waste lands 

6. Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes 

7. Control of mining activities 

8. Construction of Check dams 

Removal of soil by running water, wind, and glaciers at a greater rate than its replacement by natural agencies. 

1. Aforestation 

2. Ploughing along the contour lines 

3. Decelerate the flow of water down from the slopes 

4. Terrace cultivation restricts erosion 

5. Large fields can be divided into strips of grass left to grow between the crops 

6. Planting lines of trees to create shelter and also works similarly 

7. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts 

8. Stabilization of sand-dunes in stabilizing the desert in Western India 

Explain the land use patterns in India. And, why has land under forest not increased since 1960-61? 

1. Technical and economic development involves more utilization and exploitation of resources for the present development. 

2. Technical development and industrialisation need more resources for goods to be produced quickly & easily. 

3. As means of transportation and communication are developing fast, they help in the mobility of resources. 

4. Due to technological advancements, techniques of mining and quarrying are also improving leading to more and more resources for economic development. 

5. Green Revolution led to the introduction of the latest mechanical devices, leading to more production and consumption of resources.