Bearings

Introduction

A bearing is the angle of a direction measured in a clockwise direction from the North. The bearing is typically given as a 3-digit number from 000° to 359° to an accuracy of typically 1 decimal place.

In the applet on the right, you can move the Blue Point B around and see how the location of Point B from Point A is given using a distance and a direction (in the form of a bearing).

Cardinal Directions

The 4 cardinal directions are:

  • North (N) at 000° bearing;

  • East (E) at 090° bearing;

  • South (S) at 180° bearing; and

  • West (W) at 270° bearing.

In addition, 4 ordinal directions are defined as the angle bisectors of adjacent cardinal directions. They are:

  • North-East (NE) at 045° bearing;

  • South-East (SE) at 135° bearing;

  • South-West (SW) at 225° bearing; and

  • North-West (NW) at 315° bearing;

Video Summary

This youtube video is a summary of the concepts of bearings as well as angle of elevation and depression.

Why do you think that bearings are given with 3 digits historically?

The purpose for 3 digits is clarity of communication.

When written, a number like 20° could be mistaken as 20.

Over the radio, if a commander was to call for an artillery strike at a certain bearing: "Target enemy at two-one-four degree bearing" but due to bad reception, the artillery might hear: "Target enemy at two-zzzkt-four degree bearing". This could result in deadly friendly fire if there was no protocol to listen for 3 digits and to echo back the 3 digits back to the commander.

Explore!

Use the applet below to explore and uncover the relationship between the bearing of B from A and the bearing of A from B.

How is the bearing of A from B related to the bearing of B from A?

The two angles have a difference of 180°.

| (Bearing of A from B) – (Bearing of B from A) | = 180°