Writing Citations And Attributions
Carol LaRow
Carol LaRow
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Giving the proper credit or attribution to an author is very important.
Use the guides below to write citations or attributions for images, text, projects, etc. you find on the WEB. It's a good idea to teach students to search for non-copyrighted or public domain images when they do projects or create websites. You can find directions for limiting searches to copyright free images.
Good sources to search are Wikimedia, Creative Commons, or Flickr.
Note: For additional information on copyright and fair use laws, in general, see additional information at the bottom of this page. The information at the bottom of this page applies specifically to copyright issues when using Google's services. Click here
Creative Commons Attributions:
Search for image in "Google Image Search"
Use the toolbar to limit your search to "Usage Rights"
Be sure to choose ones you are free to use
The example on the right is an image of frog on Google Image Search found on Wikimedia Commons
In the search results, click on an image from Wikimedia Commons
You will see a larger image of the image you've chosen
Clicking on the image takes you to the Wikimedia Commons webpage (Image # 2)
Note: In top, right of page, you will see 5 icons (Image # 3)
Choose: "Use this file on the Web"
You will see an image similar to the one on the right, depending on the image you have chosen. (Image # 4)
Note where it is labeled, "Attribution"
You will see the owner of the image, the title of the image, and the Creative Commons attribution the owner wishes to have.
The sample to the right has the following attribution requirements listed for the user on the Creative Commons webpage for the selected image. I've written it for you below this paragraph, in the gray box.
Note: This is considered the "best" way to write the attribution.
I've also listed another (shorter but acceptable way) below.
Image # 1 Found This Frog Doing An Image Search
Image # 2 - Found On Wikimedia Commons Page - Note Icons On The Right Side
Image # 3 - Icons
Image # 4 - Attribution Box Found On Creative Commons
Note the attribution is given to you on Creative Commons.
It is CC By 2.0
People recognize this as a Creative Commons permission granted by the owner of an image.
Attribution is copied from the "Attribution Box" on Creative Commons.
Another Correct Way To Write An Attribution Is:
Photo by Gratwicke / CC BY 2.0
In the example above, the terms are:
Photo - a link to the image which has been posted on a Creative Commons webpage
by Gratwicke - the name of the owner of the image
CC By 2.0 - links back to the license on Creative Commons, which tells you the information about how you may use the image
There is a longer way to write the citation which is considered the best way to do it, but the above example is acceptable. If you wish to do the longer version just copy and paste the entire attribution you find in the "Attribution" box (see text below frog image on the right.
Citing Sources - Additional Websites You Can Use:
Use these sites and resources to assist you as you cite photos, images, videos, etc. of others. Some cites state that you may use the work of the contributor as long as you attribute the work in the manner specified by the author. You should read the conditions on each site and on each piece of work you wish to use.
Some Sites for creating citations:Easy Bib - a free bibliography and citation creator
WikiHow - How to Attribute a Creative Commons Licensed Work
Son Of Citation Machine, older version, properly credit sources and WEB media
Son Of Citation Machine - newer version, properly credit sources and WEB media
Creative Commons - sample search page; click on images to see attribution requirements
Creative Commons - attribution page sample
Creative Commons - sample attribution based on contributor's requirements
Copyright Information On Google's Services
From Google Help Center
From Google Help Center
Listed below is important information about copyright laws, the types of works that are subject to copyright laws, what constitutes copyright infringement, fair use laws, and FAQ's.
The information below is supplied by Google and relates to respecting copyright laws on Google's services. Included in the description about "Google's copyright repeat infringer policy, is how Google identifies repeat infringers and what steps Google takes.
- Google's "copyright repeat infringer policy" (Google implements a copyright repeat infringer policy) _
Finding Images On The WEB By Usage Rights
From Google Help Center
From Google Help Center
When doing a Google image search, be sure and click, "Images" in the top right of the Google Search Page. This will bring you to the image search window.
Type a search word/term
On the resulting page, click, "Tools" under the omnibox
Choose, "Usage Rights," and click "Commercial and Other Licenses"
When you hover in the bottom left corner of an image, you will see a badge such as "licensable."
Click, "Licensable" on the image of your choice
Google filters images by license based on the information provided by the sites that host the images
Review the terms of usage for the particular site from which the image came
See steps in the images below
# 1 Click, "Licensable" on the image of your choice
# 2 Click to see the license details
# 3 Read the terms on the site from which the image came
Additional Information
From Google Help Center
From Google Help Center
Licenses:
Creative Commons:
Images are usually free to use, but you must give credit to the owner
There may be some limitations on how you may use the images, but typically, you are free to use them without modifying them.
You must write the attribution/credit. Creative Commons will list the attribution for you.
Commercial and Other Licenses:
Images can be from free sites, or from sites that require a payment
Click the "licensable" badge on each image, go to the site for that image, and read what it says.
The sites will tell you if you are free to use images posted there.
They will also tell you how to write the attribution for the images you use.
