FOURTH DECLENSION
FIFTH DECLENSION
rês frûmentâria
aditus
commeâtus
passus
THIRD DECLENSION
alacer, alacris, alacre
audâx, audâx
celer, celeris, celere
citerior, citerius
difficilis, difficile
dissimilis, dissimile
facilis, facile
gracilis, gracile
humilis, humile
ingêns, ingêns
interior, interius
lênis, lêne
maior, maius
melior, melius
minor, minus
nôbilis, nôbile
peior, peius
——, plûs
prior, prius
recêns, recêns
similis, simile
três, tria
ulterior, ulterius
Conjunctions
Prepositions
circum
contrâ
inter
ob
trâns
atque, ac
aut
aut ... aut
et ... et
nam
quâ dê causâ
quam ob rem
simul atque or
simul ac
525. Translate the following words. Give the genitive and the gender of the nouns and the principal parts of the verbs:
526. Review Questions. What is meant by comparison? In what two ways may adjectives be compared? Compare clârus, brevis, vêlôx, and explain the formation of the comparative and the superlative. What are the adverbs used in comparison? Compare brevis by adverbs. Decline the comparative ofvêlôx. How are adjectives in -er compared? Compare âcer, pulcher, liber. What are possible translations for the comparative and superlative? Name the six adjectives that form the superlative in -limus. Translate in two ways Nothing is brighter than the sun. Give the rule for the ablative with comparatives. Compare bonus, magnus, malus, multus, parvus, exterus, înferus, posterus, superus. Decline plûs. Compare citerior, interior, propior, ulterior. Translate That route to Italy is much shorter. Give the rule for the expression of measure of difference. Name five words that are especially common in this construction. How are adverbs usually formed from adjectives of the first and second declensions? from adjectives of the third declension? Compare the adverbs cârê, lîberê, fortiter, audâcter. What cases of adjectives are sometimes used as adverbs? What are the adverbs from facilis? multus? prîmus? plûrimus? bonus? magnus? parvus? Compare prope, saepe, magnopere. How are numerals classified? Give the first twenty cardinals. Decline ûnus, duo, três, mîlle. How are the hundreds declined? What is meant by the partitive genitive? Give the rule for the partitive genitive. What sort of words are commonly used with this construction? What construction is used with quîdam and cardinal numbers excepting mîlle? Give the first twenty ordinals. How are they declined? How are the distributives declined? Give the rule for the expression of duration of time and extent of space. What is the difference between the ablative of time and the accusative of time? What is a deponent verb? Give the synopsis of one. What form always has a passive meaning? Conjugate amô, moneô, regô, capiô, audiô, in the active and passive.
VIII. REVIEW OF LESSONS LXI-LXIX
527. Review the vocabularies of the first seventeen lessons. See §§ 502, 503, 506, 507.
528. Review Questions. Name the tenses of the subjunctive. What time is denoted by these tenses? What are the mood signs of the present subjunctive? How may the imperfect subjunctive be formed? How do the perfect subjunctive and the future perfect indicative active differ in form? How is the pluperfect subjunctive active formed? Inflect the subjunctive active and passive of cûrô, dêleô, vincô, rapiô, mûniô. Inflect the subjunctive tenses ofsum; of possum. What are the tenses of the participles in the active? What in the passive? Give the active and passive participles of amô, moneô, regô,capiô, audiô. Decline regêns. What participles do deponent verbs have? What is the difference in meaning between the perfect participle of a deponent verb and of one not deponent? Give the participles of vereor. How should participles usually be translated? Conjugate volô, nolô, mâlô, fîô.
What is the difference between the indicative and subjunctive in their fundamental ideas? How is purpose usually expressed in English? How is it expressed in Latin? By what words is a Latin purpose clause introduced? When should quô be used? What is meant by sequence of tenses? Name the primary tenses of the indicative and of the subjunctive; the secondary tenses. What Latin verbs are regularly followed by substantive clauses of purpose? What construction follows iubeô? What construction follows verbs of fearing? How is consequence or result expressed in Latin? How is a result clause introduced? What words are often found in the principal clause foreshadowing the coming of a result clause? How may negative purpose be distinguished from negative result? What is meant by the subjunctive of characteristic or description? How are such clauses introduced? Explain the ablative absolute. Why is the ablative absolute of such frequent occurrence in Latin? Explain the predicate accusative. After what verbs are two accusatives commonly found? What do these accusatives become when the verb is passive?
[Illustration: coin showing general commanding soldiers
Caption: IMPERATOR MILITES HORTATUR]
SPECIAL VOCABULARIES
The words in heavy type are used in Cæsar's "Gallic War."
LESSON IV, § 39
Nouns
dea, goddess (deity)
Diâ´na, Diana
fera, a wild beast (fierce)
Lâtô´na, Latona
sagit´ta, arrow
Verbs
est, he (she, it) is; sunt, they are
necat, he (she, it) kills, is killing, does kill
Conjunction1
et, and
Pronouns
quis, interrog. pronoun, nom. sing., who?
cuius (pronounced c[oo]i´y[oo]s, two syllables), interrog. pronoun, gen. sing., whose?
1. A conjunction is a word which connects words, parts of sentences, or sentences.
LESSON V, § 47
Nouns
corô´na, wreath, garland, crown
fâ´bula, story (fable)
pecû´nia, money (pecuniary)
pugna, battle (pugnacious)
victô´ria, victory
Verbs
dat, he (she, it) gives
nârrat, he (she, it) tells (narrate)
Conjunction1
quia or quod, because
Pronoun
cui (pronounced c[oo]i, one syllable), interrog. pronoun, dat. sing., to whom? for whom?
1. A conjunction is a word which connects words, parts of sentences, or sentences.
LESSON VI, § 56
Adjectives
bona, good
grâta, pleasing
magna, large, great
mala, bad, wicked
parva, small, little
pulchra, beautiful, pretty
sôla, alone
Nouns
ancil´la, maidservant
Iûlia, Julia
Adverbs1
cûr, why
nôn, not
Pronouns
mea, my; tua, thy, your (possesives)
quid, interrog. pronoun, nom. and acc. sing., what?
-ne, the question sign, an enclitic (§ 16) added to the first word, which, in a question, is usually the verb, as amat, he loves, but amat´ne?does he love? est, he is; estne? is he? Of course -ne is not used when the sentence contains quis, cûr, or some other interrogative word.
1. An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; as, She sings sweetly; she is very talented; she began to singvery early.
LESSON VII, § 62
Nouns
casa, -ae, f., cottage
cêna, -ae, f., dinner
gallî´na, -ae, f., hen, chicken
în´sula, ae, f., island (pen-insula)
Adverbs
de-in´de, then, in the next place
ubi, where
Preposition
ad, to, with acc. to express motion toward
Verbs
ha´bitat, he (she, it) lives, is living, does live (inhabit)
laudat, he (she, it) praises, is praising, does praise (laud)
parat, he (she, it) prepares, is preparing, does prepare
vocat, he (she, it) calls, is calling, does call; invites, is inviting, does invite (vocation)
Pronoun
quem, interrog. pronoun, acc. sing., whom?
LESSON VIII, § 69
Nouns
Italia, -ae, f., Italy
Sicilia, -ae, f., Sicily
tuba, -ae, f., trumpet (tube)
via, -ae, f., way, road, street (viaduct)
Adjectives
alta, high, deep (altitude)
clâra, clear, bright; famous
lâta, wide (latitude)
longa, long (longitude)
nova, new (novelty)
LESSON IX, § 77
Nouns
bellum, -î, n., war (re-bel)
cônstantia, -ae, f., firmness, constancy, steadiness
dominus, -î, m., master, lord (dominate)
equus, -î, m., horse (equine)
frûmentum, -î, n., grain
lêgâtus, -î, m., lieutenant, ambassador (legate)
Mârcus, -î, m., Marcus, Mark
mûrus, -î, m., wall (mural)
oppidânus, -î, m., townsman
oppidum, -î, n., town
pîlum, -î, n., spear (pile driver)
servus, -î, m., slave, servant
Sextus, -î, m., Sextus
Verbs
cûrat, he (she, it) cares for, with acc.
properat, he (she, it) hastens
LESSON X, § 82
Nouns
amîcus, -î, m., friend (amicable)
Germânia, -ae, f., Germany
patria, -ae, f., fatherland
populus, -î, m., people
Rhênus, -î, m., the Rhine
vîcus, -î, m., village
LESSON XI, § 86
LESSON XII, § 90
Nouns
fîlius, fîlî, m., son (filial)
fluvius, fluvî, m., river (fluent)
gladius, gladî, m., sword (gladiator)
praesidium, praesi´dî, n., garrison, guard, protection
proelium, proelî, n., battle
Adjectives
fînitimus, -a, -um, bordering upon, neighboring, near to. As a noun, fînitimî, -ôrum, m., plur., neighbors
Germânus, -a, -um, German. As a noun, Germânus, -î, m., a German
multus, -a, -um, much; plur., many
Adverb
saepe, often
LESSON XIII, § 95
1. The genitive singular masculine of adjectives in -ius ends in -iî and the vocative in -ie; not in -î, as in nouns.
LESSON XIV, § 99
1. Observe that dominus, as distinguished from magister, means master in the sense of owner.
LESSON XV, § 107
Nouns
carrus, -î, m., cart, wagon
inopia, -ae, f., want, lack; the opposite of côpia
studium, studî, n., zeal, eagerness (study)
Verb
mâtûrat, he (she, it) hastens. Cf. properat
Adjectives
armâtus, -a, -um, armed
înfîrmus, -a, -um, week, feeble (infirm)
vali´dus, -a, -um, strong, sturdy
Adverb
iam, already, now
-que, conjunction, and; an enclitic (cf. § 16) and always added to the second of two words to be connected, as arma têla´que, arms and weapons.
LESSON XVII, § 117
Nouns
agrî cultûra, -ae, f., agriculture
domicilîum, domîci´lî, n., dwelling place (domicile) abode
fêmina, -ae, f., woman (female)
Adjective
mâtûrus, -a, -um, ripe, mature
Verbs
arat, he (she, it) plows (arable)
dêsîderat, he (she, it) misses, longs for (desire), with acc.
Gallia, -ae, f., Gaul
Gallus, -i, m., a Gaul
lacrima, -ae, f., tear
numerus, -î, m., number (numeral)
Adverb
quô, whither
Conjunction
an, or, introducing the second half of a double question, as Is he a Roman or a Gaul, Estne Romanus an Gallus?
LESSON XVIII, § 124
Nouns
lûdus, -î, m.,school
socius, socî, m., companion, ally (social)
Adjectives
îrâtus, -a, -um, angry, furious (irate)
laetus, -a, -um, happy, glad (social)
Adverbs
hodiê, to-day
ibi, there, in that place
mox, presently, soon, of the immediate future
nunc, now, the present moment
nûper, lately, recently, of the immediate past
LESSON XX, § 136
Nouns
fôrma, -ae, f., form, beauty
poena, -ae, f., punishment, penalty
potentia, -ae, f., power (potent)
Adjectives
septem, indeclinable, seven
superbus, -a, -um, proud, haughty (superb)
regîna, -ae, f., queen (regal)
superbia, -ae, f., pride, haughtiness
trîstîtîa, -ae, f., sadness, sorrow
Conjunctions
nôn sôlum ... sed etiam, not only ... but also
LESSON XXI, § 140
Nouns
sacrum, -î, n., sacrifice, offering, rite
verbum, -î, n., word (verb)
Verbs
sedeô, -êre, sit (sediment)
volô, -âre, fly (volatile)
Adjectives
interfectus, -a, -um, slain
molestus, -a, -um, troublesome, annoying (molest)
perpetuus, -a, -um, perpetual, continuous
ego, personal pronoun, I (egotism). Always emphatic in the nominative.
LESSON XXII, § 146
LESSON XXVII, § 168
Nouns
âla, -ae, f., wing
deus, -î, m., god (deity)1
monstrum, -î, n., omen, prodigy; monster
ôrâculum, -î, n., oracle
Verb
vâstô, -âre, lay waste, devastate
Adjectives
commôtus, -a, -um, moved, excited
maximus, -a, -um, greatest (maximum)
saevus, -a, -um, fierce, savage
Adverbs
ita, thus, in this way, as follows
tum, then, at that time
Verbs
respondeô, -êre, respond, reply
servô, -âre, save, preserve
Adjective
cârus, -a, -um, dear (cherish)
Conjunction
autem, but, moreover, now. Usually
stands second, never first
Noun
vîta, -ae, f., life (vital)
LESSON XXIX, § 176
Verb
superô, -âre, conquer, overcome (insuperable)
Nouns
cûra, -ae, f., care, trouble
locus, -î, m., place, spot (location). Locus is neuter in the plural and is declined loca, -ôrum, etc.
perîculum, -î, n., danger, peril
Adverbs
semper, always
tamen, yet, nevertheless
Prepositions
dê, with abl., down from; concerning
per, with acc., through
Conjunction
si, if
LESSON XXX, § 182
Verbs
absum, abesse, irreg., be away, be absent, be distant, with separative abl.
adpropinquô, -âre, draw near, approach (propinquity), with dative1
contineô, -êre, hold together, hem in, keep (contain)
Nouns
prôvincia, -ae, f., province
vînum, -î, n., wine
discêdô, -ere, depart, go away, leave, with separative abl.
egeô, -êre, lack, need, be without, with separative abl.
interficiô, -ere, kill
prohibeô, -êre, restrain, keep from (prohibit)
vulnerô, -âre, wound (vulnerable)
Adjective
dêfessus, -a, -um, weary, worn out
Adverb
longê, far, by far, far away
1. This verb governs the dative because the idea of nearness to is stronger than that of motion to. If the latter idea were the stronger, the word would be used with ad and the accusative.
LESSON XXXI, § 188
Nouns
aurum, -î, n., gold (oriole)
mora, -ae, f., delay
nâvigium, nâvi´gî, n., boat, ship
ventus, -î, m., wind (ventilate)
Verb
nâvigô, -âre, sail (navigate)
Adjectives
attentus, -a, -um, attentive, careful
dubius, -a, -um, doubtful (dubious)
perfidus, -a, -um, faithless, treacherous (perfidy)
Adverb
anteâ, before, previously
Preposition
sine, with abl., without
LESSON XXXII, § 193
Nouns
animus, -î, m., mind, heart; spirit, feeling (animate)
bracchium, bracchî, n., forearm, arm
porta, -ae, f., gate (portal)
Preposition
prô, with abl., before; in behalf of; instead of
Adjectives
adversus, -a, -um, opposite; adverse, contrary
plênus, -a, -um, full (plenty)
Adverb
diû, for a long time, long
LESSON XXXIV, § 200
Adverbs
celeriter, quickly (celerity)
dênique, finally
graviter, heavily, severely (gravity)
subitô, suddenly
Verb
reportô, -âre, -âvî, bring back, restore; win, gain (report)
LESSON XXXVI, § 211
dexter, dextra, dextrum, right (dextrous)
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum, left
frûstrâ, adv., in vain (frustrate)
gerô, gerere, gessî, gestus, bear, carry on; wear; bellum gerere, to wage war
occupô, occupâre, occupâvî, occupâtus, seize, take possession of (occupy)
postulô, postulâre, postulâvî, postulâtus, demand (ex-postulate)
recûsô, recûsâre, recûsâvî, recûsâtus, refuse
stô, stâre, stetî, status, stand
temptô, temptâre, temptâvî, temptâtus, try, tempt, test; attempt
teneô, tenêre, tenuî, ——, keep, hold (tenacious)
The word ubi, which we have used so much in the sense of where in asking a question, has two other uses equally important:
1. ubi = when, as a relative conjunction denoting time; as,
Ubi mônstrum audîvêrunt, fûgêrunt, when they heard the monster, they fled
2. ubi = where, as a relative conjunction denoting place; as,
Videô oppidum ubi Galba habitat, I see the town where Galba lives
Ubi is called a relative conjunction because it is equivalent to a relative pronoun. When in the first sentence is equivalent to at the time at which; and in the second, where is equivalent to the place in which.
LESSON XXXVII, § 217
neque or nec, conj., neither, nor, and ... not; neque ... neque,neither ... nor
castellum, -î, n., redoubt, fort (castle)
cotîdiê, adv., daily
cessô, cessâre, cessâvî, cessâtus, cease, with the infin.
incipiô, incipere, incêpî, inceptus, begin (incipient), with the infin.
oppugnô, oppugnâre, oppugnâvî, oppugnâtus, storm, assail
petô, petere, petivi or petiî, petîtus, aim at, assail, storm, attack; seek, ask (petition)
pônô, pônere, posuî, positus, place, put (position); castra pônere, to pitch camp
possum, posse, potuî, ——, be able, can (potent), with the infin.
vetô, vetâre, vetuî, vetitus, forbid (veto), vith the infin.; opposite of iubeô, command
vincô, vincere, vîcî, victus, conquer (in-vincible)
vîvô, vîvere, vîxî, ——, live, be alive (re-vive)
LESSON XXXIX, § 234
barbarus, -a, -um, strange, foreign, barbarous. As a noun,barbarî, -ôrum, m., plur., savages, barbarians
dux, ducis, m., leader (duke). Cf. the verb dûcô
eques, equitis, m., horseman, cavalryman (equestrian)
iûdex, iûdicis, m., judge
lapis, lapidis, m., stone (lapidary)
mîles, mîlitis, m., soldier (militia)
pedes, peditis, m., foot soldier (pedestrian)
pês, pedis,1 m., foot (pedal)
prînceps, prîncipis, m., chief (principal)
rêx, rêgis, m., king (regal)
summus, -a, -um, highest, greatest (summit)
virtûs, virtûtis, f., manliness, courage (virtue)
1. Observe that e is long in the nom. sing, and short in the other cases.
LESSON XL, § 237
Caesar, -aris, m., Cæsar
captîvus, -î, m., captive, prisoner
cônsul, -is, m., consul
frâter, frâtris, m., brother (fraternity)
homô, hominis, m., man, human being
impedîmentum, -î, n., hindrance (impediment); plur.impedîmenta, -ôrum, baggage
imperâtor, imperâtôris, m., commander in chief, general (emperor)
legiô, legiônis, f., legion
mâter, mâtris, f., mother (maternal)
ôrdô, ôrdinis, m., row, rank (order)
pater, patris, m., father (paternal)
salûs, salûtis, f., safety (salutary)
soror, sorôris, f., sister (sorority)
LESSON XLI, § 239
calamitâs, calamitâtis, f., loss, disaster, defeat (calamity)
caput, capitis, n., head (capital)
flûmen, flûminis, n., river (flume)
labor, labôris, m., labor, toil
opus, operis, n., work, task
ôrâtor, ôrâtôris, m., orator
rîpa, -ae, f., bank (of a stream)
tempus, temporis, n., time (temporal)
terror, terrôris, m., terror, fear
victor, victôris, m., victor
accipiô, accipere, accêpî, acceptus, receive, accept
cônfirmô, cônfîrmâre, cônfîrmâvî, cônfîrmâtus, strengthen, establish, encourage (confirm)
LESSON XLIII, § 245
animal, animâlis (-ium1), n., animal
avis, avis (-ium), f., bird (aviation)
caedês, caedis (-ium), f., slaughter
calcar, calcâris (-ium), n., spur
cîvis, cîvis (-ium), m. and f., citizen (civic)
cliêns, clientis (-ium), m., retainer, dependent (client)
fînis, fînis (-ium), m., end, limit (final); plur., country, territory
hostis, hostis (-ium), m. and f., enemy in war (hostile). Distinguish from inimîcus, which means a personal enemy
ignis, ignis (-ium), m., fire (ignite)
însigne, însignis (-ium), n. decoration, badge (ensign)
mare, maris (-ium2), n., sea (marine)
nâvis, nâvis (-ium), f., ship (naval);
nâvis longa, man-of-war
turris, turris (-ium), f., tower (turret)
urbs, urbis (-ium), f., city (suburb). An urbs is larger than anoppidum.
1. The genitive plural ending -ium is written to mark the i-stems.
2. The genitive plural of mare is not in use.
LESSON XLIV, § 249
arbor, arboris, f., tree (arbor)
collis, collis (-ium), m., hill
dêns, dentis (-ium), m., tooth (dentist)
fôns, fontis (-ium), m.. fountain, spring; source
iter, itineris, n., march, journey, route (itinerary)
mênsis, mênsis (-ium), m., month
moenia, -ium, n., plur., walls, fortifications. Cf. mûrus
môns, montis (-ium), m., mountain;
summus môns, top of the mountain
numquam, adv., never
pôns, pontis, m., bridge (pontoon)
sanguis, sanguinis, m., blood (sanguinary)
summus, -a, -um, highest, greatest (summit)
trâns, prep, with acc., across (transatlantic)
vîs (vîs), gen. plur. virium, f. strength, force, violence (vim)
LESSON XLV, § 258
âcer, âcris, âcre, sharp, keen, eager (acrid)
brevis, breve, short, brief
difficilis, difficile, difficult
facilis, facile, facile, easy
fortis, forte, brave (fortitude)
gravis, grave, heavy, severe, serious (grave)
omnis, omne, every, all (omnibus)
pâr, gen. paris, equal (par)
paucî, -ae, -a, few, only a few (paucity)
secundus, -a, -um, second; favorable, opposite of adversus
signum, -î, n., signal, sign, standard
vêlôx, gen. vêlôcis, swift (velocity)
conlocô, conlocâre, conlocâvî, conlocâtus, arrange, station, place (collocation)
dêmônstrô, dêmônstrâre, dêmônstrâvî, dêmônstrâtus, point out, explain (demonstrate)
mandô, mandâre, mandâvî, mandâtus, commit, intrust (mandate)
LESSON XLVI, § 261
adventus, -ûs, m., approach, arrival (advent)
ante, prep, with acc., before (ante-date)
cornû, -ûs, n., horn, wing of an army (cornucopia);
â dextrô cornû, on the right wing;
â sinistrô cornû, on the left wing
equitâtus, -ûs, m., cavalry
exercitus, -ûs, m., army
impetus, -ûs, m., attack (impetus); impetum facere in, with acc., to make an attack on
lacus, -ûs, dat. and abl. plur. lacubus, m., lake
manus, -ûs, f., hand; band, force (manual)
portus, -ûs, m., harbor (port)
post, prep, with acc., behind, after (post-mortem)
cremô, cremâre, cremâvî, cremâtus, burn (cremate)
exerceô, exercêre, exercuî, exercitus, practice, drill, train (exercise)
LESSON XLVII, § 270
Athênae, -ârum, f., plur., Athens
Corinthus, -î, f., Corinth
domus, -ûs, locative domî, f., house, home (dome). Cf. domicilium
Genâva, -ae, f., Geneva
Pompêii, -ôrum, m., plur., Pompeii, a city in Campania. See map
propter, prep. with acc., on account of, because of
rûs, rûris, in the plur. only nom. and acc. rûra, n., country (rustic)
tergum, tergî, n., back; â tergô, behind, in the rear
vulnus, vulneris, n., wound (vulnerable)
committô, committere, commîsî, commissus, intrust, commit; proelium committere, join battle
convocô, convocâre, convocâvî, convocâtus, call together, summon (convoke)
timeô, timêre, timuî, ——, fear; be afraid (timid)
vertô, vertere, vertî, versus, turn, change (convert); terga vertere, to turn the backs, hence to retreat
LESSON XLVIII, § 276
aciês, -êî, f., line of battle
aestâs, aestâtis, f., summer
annus, -î, m., year (annual)
diês, diêî, m., day (diary)
fidês, fideî, no plur., f., faith, trust; promise, word; protection; in fidem venîre, to come under the protection
fluctus, -ûs, m. wave, billow (fluctuate)
hiems, hiemis, f., winter
hôra, -ae, f., hour
lûx, lûcis, f., light (lucid); prîma lux, daybreak
merîdiês, acc. -em, abl. -ê, no plur., m., midday (meridian)
nox, noctis (-ium), f., night (nocturnal)
prîmus, -a, -um, first (prime)
rês, reî, f., thing, matter (real);
rês gestae, deeds, exploits (lit. things performed); rês adversae,adversity; rês secundae, prosperity
spês, speî, f., hope
LESSON XLIX, § 283
amîcitia, -ae, f., friendship (amicable)
itaque, conj., and so, therefore, accordingly
littera, -ae, f., a letter of the alphabet;
plur., a letter, an epistle
metus, metûs, m., fear
nihil, indeclinable, n., nothing (nihilist)
nûntius, nûntî, m., messenger. Cf. nûntiô
pâx, pâcis, f., peace (pacify)
rêgnum, -î, n., reign, sovereignty, kingdom
supplicum, suppli´cî, n., punishment;
supplicum sûmere dê, with abl., inflict punishment on;
supplicum dare, suffer punishment. Cf. poena
placeô, placêre, placuî, placitus, be pleasing to, please, with dative. Cf. § 154
sûmô, sûmere, sûmpsî, sûmptus, take up, assume
sustineô, sustinêre, sustinuî, sustentus, sustain
LESSON L, § 288
corpus, corporis, n., body (corporal)
dênsus, -a, -um, dense
îdem, e´adem, idem, demonstrative pronoun, the same (identity)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pronoun, self; even, very
mîrus, -a, -um, wonderful, marvelous (miracle)
ôlim, adv., formerly, once upon a time
pars, partis (-ium), f., part, region, direction
quoque, adv., also. Stands after the word which it emphasizes
sôl, sôlis, m., sun (solar)
vêrus, -a, -um, true, real (verity)
dêbeô, dêbêre, dêbuî, dêbitus, owe, ought (debt)
êripiô, êripere, êripuî, êreptus, snatch from
LESSON LI, § 294
hic, haec, hoc, demonstrative pronoun, this (of mine); he, she, it
ille, illa, illud, demonstrative pronoun that (yonder); he, she, it
invîsus, -a, -um, hateful, detested, with dative Cf. § 143
iste, ista, istud, demonstrative pronoun, that (of yours); he, she, it
lîbertâs, -âtis, f., liberty
modus, -î, m., measure; manner, way, mode
nômen, nôminis, n., name (nominate)
oculus, -î, m., eye (oculist)
prîstinus, -a, -um, former, old-time (pristine)
pûblicus, -a, -um, public, belonging to the state; rês pûblica, reî pûblicae, f., the commonwealth, the state, the republic
vestîgium, vestî´gî, n., footprint, track; trace, vestige
vôx, vôcis, f., voice
LESSON LII, § 298
incolumis, -e, unharmed
nê ... quidem, adv., not even. The emphatic word stands between nêand quidem
nisi, conj., unless, if ... not
paene, adv., almost (pen-insula)
satis, adv., enough, sufficiently (satisfaction)
tantus, -a, -um, so great
vêrô, adv., truly, indeed, in fact. As a conj. but, however, usually stands second, never first.
dêcidô, dêcidere, dêcidî, ——, fall down (deciduous)
dêsiliô, dêsilîre, dêsiluî, dêsultus, leap down, dismount
maneô, manêre, mânsî, mânsûrus, remain
trâdûcô, trâdûcere, trâdûxî, trâductus, lead across
LESSON LIII, § 306
aquila, -ae, f., eagle (aquiline)
audâx, gen. audâcis, adj., bold, audacious
celer, celeris, celere, swift, quick (celerity). Cf. vêlôx
explôratôr, -ôris, m., scout, spy (explorer)
ingêns, gen. ingentis, adj., huge, vast
medius, -a, -um, middle, middle part of (medium)
mêns, mentis (-ium), f., mind (mental). Cf. animus
opportûnus, -a, -um, opportune
quam, adv., than. With the superlative quam gives the force of as possible, as quam audâcissimî virî, men as bold as possible
recens, gen. recentis, adj., recent
tam, adv., so. Always with an adjective or adverb, while ita is generally used with a verb
quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtus, ask, inquire, seek (question). Cf. petô
LESSON LIV, § 310
alacer, alacris, alacre, eager, spirited, excited (alacrity)
celeritâs, -âtis, f., speed (celerity)
clâmor, clâmôris, m., shout, clamor
lênis, lêne, mild, gentle (lenient)
mulier, muli´eris, f., woman
multitûdô, multitûdinis, f., multitude
nêmo, dat. nêminî, acc. nêminem (gen. nûllîus, abl. nûllô, fromnûllus), no plur., m. and f., no one
nôbilis, nôbile, well known, noble
noctû, adv. (an old abl.), by night (nocturnal)
statim, adv., immediately, at once
subitô, adv., suddenly
tardus, -a, -um, slow (tardy)
cupiô, cupere, cupîvî, cupîtus, desire, wish (cupidity)
LESSON LV, § 314
aedificium, aedifi´cî, n., building, dwelling (edifice)
imperium, impe´rî, n., command, chief power; empire
mors, mortis (-ium), f., death (mortal)
reliquus, -a, -um, remaining, rest of. As a noun, m. and n. plur., the rest (relic)
scelus, sceleris, n., crime
servitûs, -ûtis, f., slavery (servitude)
vallês, vallis (-ium), f., valley
abdô, abdere, abdidî, abditus, hide
contendô, contendere, contendî, contentus, strain, struggle; hasten (contend)
occîdô, occîdere, occîdî, occîsus, cut down, kill. Cf. necô, interficiô
perterreô, perterrêre, perterruî, perterritus, terrify, frighten
recipiô, recipere, recêpî, receptus, receive, recover; sê recipere, betake one's self, withdraw, retreat
trâdô, trâdere, trâdidî, trâditus, give over, surrender, deliver (traitor)
LESSON LVI, § 318
aditus, -ûs, m., approach, access; entrance
cîvitâs, cîvitâtis, f., citizenship; body of citizens, state (city)
inter, prep, with acc., between, among (interstate commerce)
nam, conj., for
obses, obsidis, m. and f., hostage
paulô, adv. (abl. n. of paulus), by a little, somewhat
incolô, incolere, incoluî, ——, transitive, inhabit; intransitive, dwell. Cf.
habitô, vîvô
relinquô, relinquere, relîquî, relictus, leave, abandon (relinquish)
statuô, statuere, statuî, statûtus, fix, decide (statute), usually with infin.
LESSON LVII, § 326
aequus, -a, -um, even, level; equal
cohors, cohortis (-ium), f., cohort, a tenth part of a legion, about 360 men
currô, currere, cucurrî, cursus, run (course)
difficultâs, -âtis, f., difficulty
fossa, -ae, f., ditch (fosse)
gêns, gentis (-ium), f., race, tribe, nation (Gentile)
negôtium, negôtî, n., business, affair, matter (negotiate)
regiô, -ônis, f., region, district
rûmor, rûmôris, m., rumor, report. Cf. fâma
simul atque, conj., as soon as
suscipiô, suscipere, suscêpî, susceptus, undertake
trahô, trahere, trâxî, trâctus, drag, draw (ex-tract)
valeô, valêre, valuî, valitûrus, be strong; plûrimum valêre, to be most powerful, have great influence (value). Cf. validus
LESSON LVIII, § 332
commeâtus, -ûs, m.. provisions
lâtitûdô, -inis, f., width (latitude)
longitûdô, -inis, f., length (longitude)
magnitûdô, -inis, f., size, magnitude
mercâtor, mercâtôris, m., trader, merchant
mûnîtiô, -ônis, f., fortification (munition)
spatium, spatî, n., room, space, distance; time
cognôscô, cognôscere, cognôvî, cognitus, learn; in the perfect tenses, know (re-cognize)
côgô, côgere, coêgî, coâctus, collect; compel (cogent)
dêfendô, dêfendere, dêfendî, dêfênsus, defend
incendô, incendere, incendî, incênsus, set fire to, burn (incendiary). Cf. cremô
obtineô, obtinêre, obtinuî, obtentus, possess, occupy, hold (obtain)
perveniô, pervenîre, pervênî, perventus, come through, arrive
LESSON LIX, § 337
agmen, agminis, n., line of march, column; prîmum agmen, the van; novissimum agmen, the rear
atque, ac, conj., and; atque is used before vowels and consonants,ac before consonants only. Cf. et and -que
concilium, conci´lî, n., council, assembly
Helvêtiî, -ôrum, m., the Helvetii, a Gallic tribe
passus, passûs, m., a pace, five Roman feet; mîlle passuum, a thousand (of) paces, a Roman mile
quâ dê causâ, for this reason, for what reason
vâllum, -î, n., earth-works, rampart
cadô, cadere, cecidî, câsûrus, fall (decadence)
dêdô, dêdere, dêdidî, dêditus, surrender, give up; with a reflexive pronoun, surrender one's self, submit, with the dative of the indirect object
premô, premere, pressî, pressus, press hard, harass
vexô, vexâre, vexâvî, vexâtus, annoy, ravage (vex)
LESSON LX, § 341
aut, conj., or; aut ... aut, either ... or
causâ, abl. of causa, for the sake of, because of. Always stands afterthe gen. which modifies it
ferê, adv., nearly, almost
opîniô, -ônis, f., opinion, supposition, expectation
rês frûmentâria, reî frûmentâriae, f. (lit. the grain affair), grain supply
timor, -ôris, m., fear. Cf. timeô
undique, adv., from all sides
cônor, cônârî, cônâtus sum, attempt, try
êgredior, êgredî, êgressus sum, move out, disembark; prôgredior, move forward, advance (egress, progress)
moror, morârî, morâtus sum, delay
orior, orirî, ortus sum, arise, spring; begin; be born (from) (origin)
proficîscor, proficîscî, profectus sum, set out
revertor, revertî, reversus sum, return (revert). The forms of this verb are usually active, and not deponent, in the perfect system. Perf. act., revertî
sequor, sequî, secûtus sum, follow (sequence). Note the following compounds of sequor and the force of the different prefixes:cônsequor (follow with), overtake; însequor (follow against), pursue; subsequor (follow under), follow close after
[Illustration: Roman knight on horseback
Caption: EQUES ROMANUS]
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY
This vocabulary contains only the words used in the English-Latin exercises. For details not given here, reference may be made to the Latin-English vocabulary. The figures 1, 2, 3, 4, after verbs indicate the conjugation.
INDEX
The numbers in all cases refer to sections.