The first ten Amendments are known as the Bill of Rights
1st Amendment- Freedom of speech, freedom of religion
2nd Amendment- Freedom to own and possess guns
3rd Amendment- Freedom from having to have soldiers live in your house, or having to feed them
4th Amendment- The govt. or police can't search your stuff without a search warrant. They can't take it with out a warrant either
5th Amendment- You have the right to go through the court process (arraignment, trial, sentencing) and not just caught and punished. This is called Due Process. You don't have to say anything to incriminate yourself. You can not be charged with the same crime twice (double jeopardy).
6th- You have the right to have a speedy trial. That means that if you want, your trial must be held reasonably soon after you are charged. You can't be held for years without a trial. You have the right to a jury
7th-You can sue people over civil matters
8th- No cruel and unusual punishment, or excessive bail. The punishment must fit the crime. No prison time or a simple speeding ticket. No setting bail at $5,000,000 for shoplifting
9th- Enumerable Right. This means that you have more rights than just the ones listed in the Constitution. i.e. Right to own property, right to be happy, right to party
10th- Powers of the states. If it isn't covered in the Constitution, then it is up to the states to regulate.