This review explores effective second-language instruction. Task-based, communicative, and form-focused approaches each offer benefits. Key factors include structured input, explicit feedback, and task design. Group work supports fluency and confidence. A balanced approach—integrating grammar focus with meaningful communication—is recommended to meet diverse learner needs and enhance language acquisition outcomes.
Gosh, the suggested readings are dated from 1978 to 2005. How can this be? The most recent reading that might guide me is from 2005? Gosh.
So I found a 2021 reading that looks promising.
He reo ka tipu i ngā kura
Growing te reo Māori in schools
Taking a strategic approach to learning and teaching te reo Māori
Nicola Bright, Esther Smaill, Sinead Overbye, and Kiri Edge September 2021
I discovered Pakeha "Paralysis" which is a new term for me. "... only Māori can study Māori, end of story ..."
RNZ Video New ways to move beyond Pakeha Paralysis. How can non-Māori push through that paralysis to have a true cultural exchange?
In summary, the deliberate acts of language learning (DALLs) are:
• Noticing – Being aware of new language/vocabulary
• Collecting – Becoming a collector of language
• Recording – Writing down new language/vocabulary as a step in the process of entering it into long-term memory
• Reviewing – Regularly and frequently returning to the new language until it becomes fixed in long-term memory
• Repeating – Using the target word/phrase again over a period of time... same day, next day, next week, next month
• Recycling – Using the target word/phrase in a different context
• Rehearsing – Practising the target language to oneself with the intention of using it later
• Adding cognitive depth – Thinking about how to use the new word/chunk, what it means, what it links to, what part of speech, how it works. This is a way of incorporating and consolidating the new language in the existing vocabulary and lexical schema.