Remember: your note-book should always be available to check, at anytime. Your marks depend on it!

Para consultar las calificaciones de 3B1, clica aquí

Para consultar las calificaciones de 3B2, clica aquí

Unit 1

1. Fathers of Geography. Three branches of Geography, Two perspectives of Geography. Portulan charts. Atlases

2. Main types of map projections. Cylindrical projection. Conical projection. Flat projection. Mercator projection for the whole world, but exagerated poles. Gall-Peters projection stretches countries. Explain 1:10000. Maps can be... 1:10000 map is smaller or greater than 1:50000 Why? Types of scales.

3. Types of maps. Types of general maps. Thematic maps. City plan.

4. GIT. Cartography. Remote sensing: types. GIS. GPS

5. Factors (3). Explain them

Unit 1

1. Studying territories

Fathers of Geography. Three branches of Geography. Physical geography. Human geography. Regional geography. Portulan Charts. Atlas. Mercator.

2 Representational methods

Map projections: cylindrical (the whole world), conical (just one hemisphere), flat, planar (one of the poles)

Mercator projection (cylindrical): The whole world, exaggerated poles. Used to navigate.

Gall-Peters projection (cylindrical): Countries found in the tropical regions streched and reduced the size of the ones located in the intermediate and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, geographical accidents.

Map projections: 

Cylindrical (the whole world)

Conical (just one hemisphere)

Flat, planar (one of the poles)

Scale: Fraction, numerator, denominator. Small, medium or large scale.

3. Types of maps

General maps < topographic maps. Contours.

Thematic maps: specific aspects

City plans. Large city plans. Plans of villages. Thematic plans.

4. Geographic information technology GIT. Cartography. Photography. Remote sensing (aerial photographs, satellite images)

GIS Geographic Information Systems

5. Geographical landscapes

Natural environment, current human activity, historical human activity

Unit 2

Castilla-La Mancha

Una situación estratégica

Castilla-La Mancha se encuentra situada en el corazón de la Península Ibérica, un lugar estratégico de comunicación entre el norte y el sur del país atravesado también por el eje entre Portugal y el Levante mediterráneo, características físicas y geográficas que inevitablemente impregnan un carácter especial.

 Nuestras comunidades autónomas vecinas son las de Madrid, Castilla y León, Aragón, la Comunidad Valenciana, Murcia, Andalucía y Extremadura.

Es la tercera Región española más extensa, con una superficie de 79.409 km2, lo que representa el 15,7% del territorio español. Es similar en extensión a países como los Emiratos Árabes Unidos, República Checa, Panamá y mayor que Irlanda, Holanda, Dinamarca o Suiza.

Se diferencian claramente dos tipos de paisajes: la llanura y la montaña.

Las zonas montañosas más importantes bordean en parte los límites de la Región. El Sistema Central comprende las Sierras de Ayllón, Ocejón y Somosierra en el norte de Guadalajara y la Sierra de San Vicente en la provincia de Toledo; el Sistema Ibérico cubre parte de las provincias de Cuenca y Guadalajara; las Sierras de Alcaraz y del Segura en Albacete; las estribaciones de Sierra Morena penetran en Ciudad Real (Sierra Madrona); y los Montes de Toledo se extienden entre las provincias de Ciudad Real y Toledo.

La llanura domina el resto del territorio, ya que casi el 80% de la superficie regional no supera los 1.000 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar.

 A la gran llanura de la Mancha, una gran comarca natural que se extiende por buena parte de las provincias de Ciudad Real, Albacete, Toledo y Cuenca, se suma la Alcarria, que abarca parte de las provincias de Guadalajara y Cuenca.

Los principales ríos que recorren la región son el Tajo y el Guadiana que desembocan en el Atlántico; y el Júcar y el Segura, que pertenecen a la cuenca mediterránea.

Clima

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Clima mediterráneo continentalizado

 El clima de un territorio viene determinado por su localización (latitud y longitud) en la esfera terrestre, además de por la altitud y cercanía del mar. Atendiendo a estos parámetros el clima de Castilla-La Mancha podemos calificarlo de mediterráneo continentalizado, caracterizado por inviernos fríos y veranos calurosos con fuertes oscilaciones térmicas y un régimen de lluvia irregular más abundante en otoño y en primavera.

En invierno es frecuente que las temperaturas bajen de los 0º C en la mayor parte de la región. La temperatura media del mes de enero se sitúa por debajo de los 6º C, produciéndose numerosas heladas en las noches despejadas de nubes, también son frecuentes las heladas a principios de primavera y finales de otoño.

En verano frecuentemente se superan los 30º C, alcanzándose esporádicamente más de 35º C. Los veranos más suaves, por debajo de los 22º de media mensual se dan en el norte y nordeste de Guadalajara y en las zonas montañosas de Cuenca, donde las medias no suben de los 18º C.

Las precipitaciones son escasas y están entre los 400 y 600 litros por metro cuadrado al año. Castilla-La Mancha se incluye dentro de la denominada “España seca”. Los índices de aridez son muy altos, sobre todo en La Mancha y el sudeste.

A nivel nacional, la recogida de los datos relativos al clima es realizada desde hace más de 140 años por la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), anterior Instituto Nacional de Meteorología. La AEMet dispone en todo el territorio nacional de observatorios y estaciones de medición, propias o de colaboradores altruistas, que diariamente proporcionan los datos de evolución del tiempo meteorológico. Los observatorios de referencia en Castilla-La Mancha son:

En el área de descargas, encontrará el fichero “valores climáticos normales” con los registros medios mensuales obtenidos en los observatorios de Castilla-La Mancha desde 1971. Asimismo, en el fichero “valores climáticos extremos” encontrará las anotaciones más singulares, por exceso o por defecto, respecto de los valores normales, registrados en estas estaciones de referencia. Uno de estos datos extremos anotados son los 18 días de nieve contados en el observatorio de Molina de Aragón en el mes de febrero de 1963, o los 220,2 litros por metro cuadrado medidos en el observatorio de Ciudad Real en diciembre de 1996. En cuanto a temperaturas extremas, la más alta fue medida en julio de 1995 en el observatorio de Ciudad Real donde se alcanzaron 43,4º C y la más baja, -28,2º C, en la estación de Molina de Aragón en enero de 1955.

Castilla la Mancha - mapa y geografia

Castilla-La Mancha, comunidad autónoma española situada en la submeseta Sur de la península Ibérica, es decir, en la zona meridional de la meseta Central. Limita al norte con las comunidades de Madrid y Castilla y León, al este con Aragón y la Comunidad Valenciana, al sureste con la Región de Murcia, al sur con Andalucía, y al oeste con Extremadura. Su nombre se debe a que la mayor parte de su territorio se corresponde con la región natural de La Mancha, espacio reconquistado por el reino de Castilla a los musulmanes durante los siglos XI, XII y XIII. El topónimo Mancha deriva de la lengua árabe que denominó a esta gran llanura al-Manchara (tierra llana). Por su extensión, 79.461 km2, ocupa el tercer lugar entre las diecisiete comunidades autónomas españolas. La capital es la ciudad de Toledo.

Mapa geográfico de la Castilla la Mancha

Mapa geográfico de Castilla Mancha. Encarta

La región de Castilla-La Mancha ocupa gran parte de la submeseta Sur española. Se trata de una gran plataforma, ligeramente inclinada y abierta hacia el oeste, rodeada al norte por el sistema Central, al este por el sistema Ibérico y al sur por el reborde montañoso de sierra Morena; está recorrida por las cuencas de los ríos Tajo y Guadiana a su vez separadas por los montes de Toledo. Su configuración física puede sistematizarse en dos grandes unidades: las sierras y montes periféricos y centrales, por una parte, y el centro de las cuencas por otra.

Geografía de la Castilla Mancha

En la zona septentrional, de los tres sectores del sistema Central, sólo los extremos occidental (sierra de San Vicente, 1.321 m) y oriental (sierra de Ayllón, 2.048 m) caen dentro de la región definida. En la zona sur, sierra Morena constituye un enorme escalón en el que bruscamente termina la llanura de la submeseta.

De todas maneras, como el desnivel entre la submeseta y sierra Morena es muy escaso, sólo destacan algunas sierras como consecuencia de la erosión propiciada por los ejes fluviales que bajan a la cuenca del Guadalquivir. Es el caso de las sierras de Alcudia (1.106 m) y de San Andrés (1.300 m), sierra esta última por la que transcurre el desfiladero de Despeñaperros. En el noreste, el sistema Ibérico ofrece desde los altos páramos meseteños un paisaje de pliegues anchos y pesados escalonados en dirección este-oeste (serranía de Cuenca) entre los Altos de Carejas, la sierra de Bascuñana (1.388 m) y la sierra de Albarracín (1.834 m), esta última compartida con Aragón. En esta región se da un conjunto de formas cársticas muy particulares, resultado del modelado de la acción fluvial sobre materiales calcáreos (en la actualidad, paraje enclavado en el Parque natural Ciudad Encantada). Al sureste cabe mencionar alguna sierra de pliegues complejos situada a caballo entre sierra Morena y la cordillera Subbética (sierra de Alcaraz, 1.798 m). Finalmente, es preciso referirse a los montes de Toledo (Las Villuercas, 1.601 m) que atraviesan la región marcando la divisoria entre el río Tajo y el Guadiana. En el centro de las cuencas la acción fluvial ha dado lugar a distintas formas de relieve según los materiales geológicos sobre los que esta ha actuado. Así, en lugares donde los materiales más duros han quedado elevados, se ha formado un paisaje de páramos y alcarrias (zonas donde la cobertura caliza ha quedado intacta). En los lugares donde predominan materiales sedimentarios más homogéneos, los paisajes se han modelado en llanuras suavemente onduladas (La Mancha). "Castilla la Mancha," © Escrito por Emmanuel BUCHOT y Encarta.

Flora y Fauna

Naturaleza y paisajes

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Protegemos nuestro patrimonio natural

La naturaleza se muestra generosa y hace de Castilla-La Mancha uno de los enclaves de mayor diversidad biológica de Europa.

El Programa Hombre y Biosfera de la UNESCO designó, en noviembre de 1980, la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Mancha Húmeda que engloba más de 50 humedales de gran valor ambiental, científico y paisajístico.

La Mancha Húmeda ocupa parte de la cabecera de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Guadiana, en la planicie manchega caracterizada por un paisaje excepcionalmente plano, dominado por los cultivos agrícolas. Está compuesta por un amplio conjunto de humedales, de muy diferentes características y estado de conservación, e integra asimismo algunos embalses de interés para la conservación de las poblaciones de aves acuáticas. El Parque Nacional de Cabañeros, Las Tablas de Damiel, el Alto Tajo, la Sierra de Ayllón, el Hayedo de Tejera Negra, las Hoces del Cabriel, la Serranía de Cuenca, las Lagunas de Ruidera, las Sierras de Alcaráz y del Segura, El Río Mundo, La Jara, Los Montes de Toledo, La Hoz de Beteta, El Hosquillo, La Sierra de Altamira, La Sierra de San Vicente, El Valle de Alcudia, Sierra Madrona, La Alcarria, … son tesoros que no te puedes perder.

La fauna y flora de Castilla-La Mancha constituyen un catálogo de los más extensos y diversos de la Península. Águilas imperiales y perdiceras, buitres negros, cigüeñas negras, avutardas, grullas, malvasías y linces ibéricos son algunos ejemplos de las joyas naturales que sobrevuelan nuestros cielos y pueblan nuestros montes.

Sabinas albares, acebos, tejos, abedules, tilos, hayas y otras muchas especies endémicas acompañan a nuestros extensos bosques de encinas, robles, alcornoques y quejigos. Más de 3 millones y medio de hectáreas de bosques y montes, que ocupan cerca del 45% del territorio regional.

La diversidad de ecosistemas de Castilla-La Mancha y el rico patrimonio natural es uno de los atractivos del turismo rural y de naturaleza, que está experimentando un intenso crecimiento tanto en la oferta de alojamientos como en número de visitantes, convirtiéndose en un sector de dinamización y desarrollo del mundo rural.

El número de casas rurales ha crecido considerablemente en los últimos años hasta superar los 1.600 establecimientos y las 11.300 plazas. 

https://www.castillalamancha.es/clm/enelcorazondeespanna/geografia

https://www.voyagesphotosmanu.com/mapa_castilla_mancha.html

https://pagina.jccm.es/museociencias/buscadoresdeespecies/anexo%20IV%20objetivos%20BE.pdf

1. European situation in the world. Eastern Europe: rivers, lakes. Central and Western Europe: mountains, rivers. Five large groups in Spain. Meseta: subdivision. Periphery mountain ranges. Depressions. External mountain ranges. Climates in Europe. Maritime climate: features. Mediterranean climate: features. Continental climate: features. Alpine climate. Polar climate.

Climate in Cantabrian coast and Galicia. Climate in the Mediterranean coast and southeast Andalucía. Climate in Spain interior. Alpine climate in Spain. Canarian or subtropical climate.

2. Limits of North America. Three large units of relief. Rivers in Appalachian Mountains. Rivers in interior and Great Lakes (names). Alpine orogeny in North America. Climates in North America. Explain currents. Kuro Shivo, Labrador, Gulf, California

3. Groups of islands in the Caribbean Sea. The most important mountain range. Alpine orogeny in South America. Cold Humbold Current. Climates in Central America and the Caribbean. Climates in South America, centre of Chile

4. Limits of Asia. The Pacific belt of fire. Peninsulas and islands. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa. Asian rivers in Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean. Important lakes and seas.

The currents of Kuro Shivo (warm) and Oya Shivo (cold) border the Pacific coast. From north to south, climates are... In southeast Asia, climates are...

5. Africa: limits. Mountain ranges: North, South. The Rift Valley (Fracture). African rivers. Important lakes and where. Climates in Africa.

6. Oceania is made up of... The Great Dividing Range. The Great Barrier Reef (seen in classroom). Just a river in Australia. Main climates.

7. Situation. Antarctic Treaty. Climate and fauna.

8. Various forms of protection. National Parks in America, in Europe. Biosphere Reserves in America, Europe. World heritage in Oceania, Russia, and Europe. Wetlands in Spain

Unit 3

Castilla-La Mancha: https://www.castillalamancha.es/clm/enelcorazondeespanna/geografia

1. A population is... The world's population until the Industrial Revolution. The world's population between the 19th and 21st centuries. Current demographic trends. Demographic models (Tell and establish relationship)

1 Old demographic regime, 2 Demographic transition regime, 3 Modern demographic regime, 4 Regressive demographic stage.

2. Regions truly barren. High density areas (agricultural, mineral and industrial, with examples) Conurbation. Megalopolis: BosWash. ChiPitts. Low density areas. Write the main low-density areas. People living in deserts. Rainforests. Boreal forests. Cold and hot desert areas. Mountainous areas.

Inhabitants = *Habitants (wrong)

Birth and Death rates always in per thousand (never per cent)

3. Natural movements. Birth rate - Mortality rate > Natural growth. General fertility rate. Child mortality rate. Natural population growth. Life expectancy

4. Migrations: emigration, immigration. Migration types: Duration, Causes of migration and destination. Emigration and immigration. Consequences of migration: positives and negatives

5. Ageing and youth: economic consequences. Famines and problems: distribution, access. Political problems. Gender discrimination

6. Miscegenation. Europe: mix. America: Quechua and Aymara. North America: Aboriginal people. Asia. Africa the whole paragraph

Unit 4

La pirámide de población de Castilla-La Mancha presenta una tipología similar a la de una región desarrollada, con la zona central más ancha que la base y que la zona superior. La población entre los 15 y los 44 años representa alrededor del 39,3 %, de 45 a 64 años de edad representan el 26,8 %, manteniéndose más alejados los niños con un 15,4 % y los mayores de 65 con el 18,5 %. Estos datos vienen a demostrar el progresivo envejecimiento de la población castellanomanchega, aunque mitigado en parte por la inmigración.

Respecto a sexos, en la región habitan alrededor de 7 000 hombres más que mujeres, lo que supone un 50,2 % frente a un 49,8 %. A nivel nacional sucede lo contrario, la población femenina supera a la masculina.

1. Traditional rural houses: stone, mud, wooden, fur and fabric, cave, ice. Towns and villages throughout the world

2. To be considered a city. Urban structure and urban morphology.

3. Traditional cities: muslim, colonial, historical Asian. New cities and city expansion: new cities 18th and 19th centuries, expansion of new and traditional cities, recently developed cities, suburban and rural-urban growth

4. We can make a distinction between three different categories: world cities, continental cities and regional cities. World metropolises. Megacities. Megalopolises. Global cities.

Continental cities. Regional cities. Medium-size cities

5. Cities in Europe and Spain. West: developed, Industrial Revolution, Tertiary sector. Central-East: isolated, great size. South: historical heritage

American cities: USA and Canada. Mexico and Central America, South America: favela

Asia the highest percentage of the world. China. Japan and South Korea. India. Other countries. Oceania.

African cities: North Africa. Sub-saharan Africa and Guinea. Central Africa. South Africa.

6. According to the United Nations, cities are more efficient than villages in the way they use space because they cause less damage to the natural environment and it is more economical to meet the needs of a dense urban population than of a dispersed rural population.

Second Term

Maps: Politics (Europe, Asia, Africa, North and Central America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica, Spain), according to periods: green, yellow and red.

Be careful: United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Spain must be explained in detail

Remember you are going to be asked in physical features in this term.

Maps: Physics (Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Oceania, Iberian Peninsula), according to periods: green, yellow and red

First Term Units 1-5 (1-3 + 4-5)

1. Studying territories

2. The natural environment

3. Population

4. Towns and cities

5. Economic activity

Unit 1

1. Fathers of Geography. Three branches of Geography, Two perspectives of Geography. Portulan charts. Atlases

2. Main types of map projections. Cylindrical projection. Conical projection. Flat projection. Mercator projection for the whole world, but exagerated poles. Gall-Peters projection stretches countries. Explain 1:10000. Maps can be... 1:10000 map is smaller or greater than 1:50000 Why? Types of scales.

3. Types of maps. Types of general maps. Thematic maps. City plan.

4. GIT. Cartography. Remote sensing: types. GIS. GPS

5. Factors (3). Explain them

Unit 2

1. European situation in the world. Eastern Europe: rivers, lakes. Central and Western Europe: mountains, rivers. Five large groups in Spain. Meseta: subdivision. Periphery mountain ranges. Depressions. External mountain ranges. Climates in Europe. Maritime climate: features. Mediterranean climate: features. Continental climate: features. Alpine climate. Polar climate.

Climate in Cantabrian coast and Galicia. Climate in the Mediterranean coast and southeast Andalucía. Climate in Spain interior. Alpine climate in Spain. Canarian or subtropical climate.

2. Limits of North America. Three large units of relief. Rivers in Appalachian Mountains. Rivers in interior and Great Lakes (names). Alpine orogeny in North America. Climates in North America. Explain currents. Kuro Shivo, Labrador, Gulf, California

3. Groups of islands in the Caribbean Sea. The most important mountain range. Alpine orogeny in South America. Cold Humbold Current. Climates in Central America and the Caribbean. Climates in South America, centre of Chile

4. Limits of Asia. The Pacific belt of fire. Peninsulas and islands. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa. Asian rivers in Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean. Important lakes and seas.

The currents of Kuro Shivo (warm) and Oya Shivo (cold) border the Pacific coast. From north to south, climates are... In southeast Asia, climates are...

5. Africa: limits. Mountain ranges: North, South. The Rift Valley (Fracture). African rivers. Important lakes and where. Climates in Africa.

6. Oceania is made up of... The Great Dividing Range. The Great Barrier Reef (seen in classroom). Just a river in Australia. Main climates.

7. Situation. Antarctic Treaty. Climate and fauna.

8. Various forms of protection. National Parks in America, in Europe. Biosphere Reserves in America, Europe. World heritage in Oceania, Russia, and Europe. Wetlands in Spain

Unit 3

1. A population is... The world's population until the Industrial Revolution. The world's population between the 19th and 21st centuries. Current demographic trends. Demographic models (Tell and establish relationship)

1 Old demographic regime, 2 Demographic transition regime, 3 Modern demographic regime, 4 Regressive demographic stage.

2. Regions truly barren. High density areas (agricultural, mineral and industrial, with examples) Conurbation. Megalopolis: BosWash. ChiPitts. Low density areas. Write the main low-density areas. People living in deserts. Rainforests. Boreal forests. Cold and hot desert areas. Mountainous areas.

Inhabitants = *Habitants (wrong)

Birth and Death rates always in per thousand (never per cent)

3. Natural movements. Birth rate - Mortality rate > Natural growth. General fertility rate. Child mortality rate. Natural population growth. Life expectancy

4. Migrations: emigration, immigration. Migration types: Duration, Causes of migration and destination. Emigration and immigration. Consequences of migration: positives and negatives

5. Ageing and youth: economic consequences. Famines and problems: distribution, access. Political problems. Gender discrimination

6. Miscegenation. Europe: mix. America: Quechua and Aymara. North America: Aboriginal people. Asia. Africa the whole paragraph

Unit 4

1. Traditional rural houses: stone, mud, wooden, fur and fabric, cave, ice. Towns and villages throughout the world

2. To be considered a city. Urban structure and urban morphology.

3. Traditional cities: muslim, colonial, historical Asian. New cities and city expansion: new cities 18th and 19th centuries, expansion of new and traditional cities, recently developed cities, suburban and rural-urban growth

4. We can make a distinction between three different categories: world cities, continental cities and regional cities. World metropolises. Megacities. Megalopolises. Global cities.

Continental cities. Regional cities. Medium-size cities

5. Cities in Europe and Spain. West: developed, Industrial Revolution, Tertiary sector. Central-East: isolated, great size. South: historical heritage

American cities: USA and Canada. Mexico and Central America, South America: favela

Asia the highest percentage of the world. China. Japan and South Korea. India. Other countries. Oceania.

African cities: North Africa. Sub-saharan Africa and Guinea. Central Africa. South Africa.

6. According to the United Nations, cities are more efficient than villages in the way they use space because they cause less damage to the natural environment and it is more economical to meet the needs of a dense urban population than of a dispersed rural population.

3B2 Examen el miércoles 7 diciembre

3B1 Examen el miércoles 7 diciembre INAMOVIBLE!!!

Second Term. Units 5-10

Unit 5 Economic Activity

1. Economic activity: definition

Economic goods: products and services

Classified by: composition, function, ownership

Factors of production: Natural (renewable, non-renewable, partially renewable), human, capital

Economic agents: people and families, companies, the state (write examples)

Economic sectors: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, (Quaternary, Quinary...)

2. Economic systems in the world

Current: Capitalism or market economy, Communism or planned economy, subsistence economy

Market economy: multinationals (explain)

Current economic blocks across the world: 

    world economic leaders: US, EU, Japan, Canada, Australia.

    The Asian Tigers: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore. Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand.

    OPEC: Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Brazil, Iran

    BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, emerging countries

    Associations of countries without tariffs: EU, NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement), MERCOSUR (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela and Bolivia)

3. Primary Sector: Food, raw materials

In Spain: farming, livestock, forestry, mining and fishing. Mechanisation.

Agriculture and livestock: food and raw materials. Irrigated and non-irrigated crops. 

Mining: minerals

Forestry: Furniture and paper

Fishing

Agricultural production and livestock in Spain

Cereals: Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Ebro valley

Fruits and vegetables and animal feed: Greenhouses: Alicante, Almería, Murcia

Fruit trees: Valencia, Murcia, Lleida, Aragon

Grapevines and olive trees: First world's producer: Andalucia, La Mancha, Extremadura

Industrial crops: cotton, sunflowers, tobacco, sugar beet

Livestock:

Bovine or cattle: cows and bulls: Castilla y León, Galicia and Extremadura. Asturias and Cantabria: milk

Ovine or sheep: Extremadura, Castilla y León, Castilla -La Mancha

Caprine (goats): Andalucía and Extremadura

Porcine: Cataluña, Aragon. Castilla y León, Andalucia and Extremadura. Jabugo Huelva, Guijuelo Salamanca.

4. Secondary Sector: production and construction

Relocation

Spain: industry and energy

5. Tertiary sector: Different activities: healthcare, defence, education, government... 

Tourism

6. Use of natural resources

Renewable. Food supply. Absorption of CO2.

Non-renewable. Alternatives

Drinking water is considered partially renewable (page 6)

Fresh water is considered renewable and in scarce supply on Earth (p. 17)

Demand for water

7. Sustainability of economic activity: Tropical areas, desert areas, mountain areas, coastal areas

Sustainable economic development

Unit 6: Agrarian activity

Factors of production: Physical factors. Human factors

Physical factors: relief, climate, ground

Human factors: population, economic development, land ownership, shape and size of land, agrarian policies

Production systems:

water usage: dry farming crops, irrigated crops

use the land: extensive and intensive

crop variety: polyculture, monoculture

technology: animal or machinery for agricultural activities

size of the farm: smallholding, state farm

2. Agricultural in Spain and across the world

Spain: 4,3%

Traditional agriculture and modern agriculture

Traditional: Subsistence, and for self-consumption

Modern agriculture: commercial, ecological

Agricultural production includes: cereals, coffee, tea and cocoa, vegetables and seeds, wine and tobacco, fruit, vegetable fibres, vegetable oils, other agricultural products.

Hunger is not an agronomic or a production problem

3. Livestock and forest exploitation

Traditional livestock and modern livestock

Forest exploitation. Forestry.

4. Fishing: Traditional, artisanal, industrial

Inshore fishing and deep-sea fishing

The main fishing areas: north, south, indian, others...

Oceans ir order (the most productive ocean)

Aquaculture: definition. Yield. Seaweed. Aquaponics.

5. Types of agrarian and fishing landscapes

Landscapes refers to...

Traditional landscapes: mediterranean (wheat, vine and olive crops), oceanic continental (keep livestock in enclosed natural grazing plots; in continental climate areas, extensive plains, prairies for livestock are very common), tropical and monsoon (explain)

Modern landscapes: greenhouses. Sea of plastic, Almería, Holland, US.

Desert agriculture: through wells. Jungle crops. 

Unit 7. Mining and industrial areas: mining resources

Industrial rocks: energy, useful, precious stones, semiprecious ones, and examples

Mineral: useful, precious, strategig. Examples

Mining: extracting mineral resources, surface or underground

Problem mines: changes to the land. Fracking (hydraulic fracturing)>earthquakes. Pollution. Destruction of natural space

Energy sources:

Finishing units, asking for notebooks...

6. Agricultural and marine landscapes

7. Mining and industrial areas

8. The tertiary sector

9. Socio.economical inequalities in the world

1 (10). The Early Modern Age: Humanism and the Renaissance

Third Term: Units 11-14 (11-12 + 13-14)

2 (11). The Catholic Monarchs and the great expeditions

3 (12). Europe in the age of Carlos V and Felipe II

4 (13). The 17th century

5 (14). European Baroque culture

Criterios de evaluación

Localizar lugares en un mapa de España utilizando datos de coordenadas geográficas.

Utilizar el mapa como principal instrumento geográfico y resolver problemas de escalas

Tener una visión global del medio físico español y de sus características generales.

Localizar en el mapa físico de España las aguas superficiales y relacionar los principales factores que intervienen en el curso de un río.

Conocer, comparar y describir los grandes conjuntos bioclimáticos que conforman el espacio geográfico español.

Conocer los principales factores y elementos que intervienen en el clima español

Elaborar climogramas y comentar mapas del tiempo de España.

Conocer y valorar los principales espacios naturales protegidos a nivel peninsular e insular y en concreto en Castilla-La Mancha.

Conocer la organización territorial de España así como sus competencias y atribuciones administrativas

Conocer, analizar y comparar los elementos que intervienen en el estudio de la población de España y Castilla-La Mancha

Analizar las características de la población española, su distribución, su dinámica y evolución.

Elaborar e interpretar pirámides de población tanto de España como de las Comunidades Autónomas.

Conocer los movimientos migratorios, sus efectos y consecuencias actuales.

Identificar y comparar los principales paisajes humanizados españoles, identificándolos por Comunidades Autónomas

Reconocer las actividades económicas que se realizan en España en los tres sectores, y contrastar su importancia por Comunidades Autónomas

Conocer las características del sector primario español y de Castilla-La Mancha y analizar su problemática.

Conocer y analizar las características del sector secundario español y de Castilla-La Mancha.

Entender la idea de “desarrollo sostenible” y sus implicaciones

Conocer y analizar las características del sector terciario español y de Castilla-La Mancha.

Interpretar imágenes y mapas temáticos relacionados con los sectores de actividad económica para conocer su distribución e impacto.

Reconocer las características de las ciudades españolas y las formas de ocupación del espacio urbano.

Interpretar textos y planos urbanos de diferentes ciudades españolas y/o de Castilla- La Mancha.

Debatir sobre la problemática que generan las grandes ciudades y los núcleos rurales despoblados.

Aplicar los conocimientos y destrezas geográficas adquiridas sobre el medio físico y humano al entorno más cercano del alumno y comprobar su utilidad en la vida cotidiana.

Comprender la significación histórica de la Edad Moderna y del Renacimiento en Europa.

Relacionar el alcance de la nueva mirada de humanistas y científicos del Renacimiento con etapas anteriores y posteriores.

Caracterizar la sociedad, la economía y la cultura de los siglos XVI y XVII.

Entender la diferencia entre los reinos medievales y las monarquías modernas.

Analizar el reinado de los Reyes Católicos como una etapa de transición entre la Edad Media y la Edad Moderna.

Conocer los pueblos y civilizaciones precolombinas

Interpretar los descubrimientos geográficos de Castilla y Portugal

Explicar los procesos de conquista y colonización de América y sus consecuencias.

Distinguir las diferentes corrientes religiosas nacidas en el seno del cristianismo y sus consecuencias.

Enumerar rasgos de las relaciones exteriores del siglo XVI en Europa.

Señalar las peculiaridades de la política interior de los principales reinos europeos durante el siglo XVI.

Analizar los reinados de los Austrias Mayores

Reconocer las características del arte del Renacimiento e identificar algunas de sus obras más representativas.

Relacionar las causas y efectos de la crisis del Siglo XVII

Conocer las relaciones exteriores del siglo XVII en Europa y la política interior de los distintos países.

Estudiar los reinados de los Austrias Menores

Investigar sobre la vida cotidiana durante la Edad Moderna.

Destacar la importancia del arte Barroco en Europa y en América.

Justificar la relevancia de algunos autores y obras de los siglos XVI-XVI

Criterios de calificación y recuperación

De acuerdo con las pruebas realizadas, se obtendrá una calificación, que será la media aritmética de las puntuaciones obtenidas en cada una de las pruebas, a lo que habrá que sumar la aportación personal del alumn@ en relación con los trabajos y projects presentados, de acuerdo con los criterios básicos, intermedios y avanzados, cuyos porcentajes serán, respectivamente, de un 5o, un 40 y un 10 %, respectivamente.

De este modo, se puede perfectamente alcanzar una puntuación alta, incluso la máxima, a criterio del alumn@, bien a través de las diferentes pruebas desarrolladas a lo largo de la evaluación, bien a través de los diferentes trabajos de desarrollo e investigación propuestos, siempre de acuerdo con las directrices que marca el Decreto 40/2015, de 15/06/2015, por el que se establece el currículo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. [2015/7558].

Se realizará una prueba de recuperación por cada evaluación suspensa, preferentemente una vez hayan sido entregadas las notas del trimestre en curso, de modo que las familias puedan conocer previamente la calificación obtenida por el/la alumn@.

3rd TERM

1.   Macizo Galaico, Montes de León, Cordillera Cantábrica, Montes Vascos, Pirineos, Cordillera Costero-Catalana, Valle del Ebro, Submeseta Norte, Sistema Ibérico, Meseta Central, Sierra de Gredos, Sierra de Guadarrama, Submeseta Sur, Montes de Toledo, Sierra Morena, Valle del Guadalquivir, Sistemas Béticos, Cordillera Penibética, Cordillera Subbética, Picos de Europa

2. Golfo de Vizcaya, Punta de Estaca de Bares, Cabo Finisterre (Fisterra), Cabo San Vicente, Golfo de Cádiz, Punta de Tarifa, Estrecho de Gibraltar, Cabo de Gata, Cabo de Palos, Cabo de la Nao, Golfo de Valencia, Cabo de Creus, Golfo de León

3. Miño, Duero, Tajo, Guadiana, Guadalquivir. Ebro, Turia, Júcar, Segura. Nalón, Nervión, Bidasoa

4. Islas Baleares: Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Cabrera, Conejera

Islas Canarias: Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote. Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro

5. Aneto, Mulhacén, Teide, Torre Cerredo, Almanzor

Maps world physics

1.       URAL MOUNTAINS

2.       THAMES

3.       SEINE

4.       DANUBE

5.       VOLGA

6.       CAUCASUS

7.       CASPIAN SEA

8.       NORTH SEA

9.       BALCANIAN PENINSULA

10.   BERING STRAIT

11.   BERING SEA

12.   SCANDINAVIAN PENINSULA

13.   HUDSON BAY

14.   ALPES MTS.

15.   ANDES MTS.

16.   APPALACHIAN MTS.

17.   ROCKY MTS.

18.   ZAGROS MTS.

19.   AMAZONAS

20.   NILE

21.   DNIEPER

22.   DNIESTER

23.   GREAT LAKES

24.   ICELAND

25.   JUTLAND PENINSULA

26.   PATAGONIA

27.   TIERRA DE FUEGO

28.   CAPE OF GOOD HOPE

29.   MALVINAS ISLANDS

30.   MEXICO GULF

31.   GOLFO DE VIZCAYA

32.   BAHIA DE CADIZ

33.   ESTRECHO DE GIBRALTAR – GIBRALTAR STRAIT

34.   MATO GROSSO

35.   GOBI DESERT

36.   ATLAS MTS.

37.   ATACAMA DESERT

38.   RIO GRANDE

39.   RIO COLORADO

40.   HUANG-HO RIVER

41.   YANGTSE KIANG RIVER

42.   BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER

43.   TIGRIS RIVER

44.   EUFRATES RIVER

45.   CONGO RIVER

46.   ZAMBEZI RIVER

47.   DRAKENSBERG MTS.

48.   HIMALAYA

49.   VICTORIA DESERT

50.   BALEARIC ISLANDS, WRITE THEM

51.   CANARY ISLANDS, WRITE THEM

52.   GREENLAND

53.   KAMCHATKA PENINSULA

54.   KOREAN PENINSULA

55.   INDOCHINA

56.   ARABIAN PENINSULA

57.   INDIAN PENINSULA

58.   MEDITERRANEAN SEA

59.   JAPAN ISLANDS. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa

60.   Ural river

61.   ATLANTIC OCEAN

62.   PACIFIC OCEAN

63.   INDIAN OCEAN

64.   BALTIC SEA

65.   ARCTIC OCEAN

66.   ANTARCTIC OCEAN

67.   LABRADOR PENINSULA

68.   MCKENZIE RIVER

69.   MCKINLEY MTS.

70.   ALASKA PENINSULA

71.   TASMANIA ISLAND

72.   MADAGASCAR ISLAND

73.   NEW ZEALAND ISLANDS

74.   MADEIRA ISLANDS

75.   MALDIVAS ISLANDS

76. BLACK SEA

77. ARAL SEA

78. RED SEA

79. OJOTS SEA

80. CARIBBEAN SEA

Unit 8                   The tertiary sector

1.       Tertiary sector provides services such as...

  Such as transport, medical care, tourism, education, administration and banking

2.       GDP

      Gross Domestic Product PIB

3.       Tertiary sector is indicator of how...

     Developed the economy of a country is

4.       Service classification. Examples

      Public, mixed and private services (education, healthcare), (Health, education), (education, healthcare)

5.       Mixed services are...

      By the state as well as private companies

6.       The impact of the tertiary sector. Examples

      Changes in the lives of people, changes in the landscapes (tourism, travel, cultural centres and shows...), (theme parks, sports centres, underground transport networks)

7.       Types of transport

      Land, water and air

8.       The importance and impact of transport

Connecting territories (road, rail network...)

Accessibility and fast connections (high-speed trains, plane...)

New infrastructure, new landscapes (huge ports, airports...)

Development of key locations (near narrow channels, passages between oceans...)

9. The most important tourist sites

The USA, The Caribbean, Mediterranean countries, the rest of Europe,

China and southeast Asia and other areas(Egypt, Brazil, India, Canada,...).

10.   Ecotourism. Definition

Exploring the natural world for helping local people and does not harm the environment.

11.   Types of ecotourism. Subtypes and examples

a.-Rural : Europe

b.- Nature : Study local wildlife ( Africa: Kenya and Tanzania)

Admire natural landscapes: Spain, America(USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile) and Africa(Zambia and Zimbabwe)

c.- Practise nature-based (outdoor) sports :European montains, the USA, Japan.

12.   Other types of tourism. Examples

Theme parks (Disney World, Futuroscope, Portaventura and Terra Mítica) and sea and river cruises (Caribbean and Mediterranean sea, fjords, Baltic sea, Asian rivers, the Nile, the Rhine and the Danube).

13.   Trade. Definition

Involves buying and selling products and services.

14.   Types of trade. Subtypes

a.-Domestic trade : 

        - Wholesale trade

        - Retail trade

b.-International trade.

15.   Domestic trade. Types

Wholesale trade and retail trade.

16.   Trade balance. Types

Positive (exports are greater than imports), negative (imports are greater than exports) or balanced (equal imports and exports)

17.   Trading blocks. Examples

Encourage international trade. European Union( EU), North America Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA), the Common Market of South America (Mercosur )and Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation( APEC).

18.   ICT

The 21 st century, Information and communications technology( ICT) dominates all activities.

19.   Other tertiary sector activities. Examples

There are other activities that are quite important such as banking, healthcare and education and culture.

Unit 9

1.       Development. Definition

It is progress on an economic and social level to satisfy our basic material needs in a stable and sustainable way.

2.       Three factors determining the level of development of a country

Economic, social and political factors.

3.       HDI measures...

Human Development Index measures the development of a country based on three key indicators.

4.       HDI: three key indicators

GDP per capita, the literacy rate and years of compulsory education and life expectancy at birth.

5.       Globalisation is...

Refers to the increase in trade around the world and the trade of goods between many different countries.

6.       NGOs are...

Non-governmental Organisations, generally non-profit and are always independent of governments.

7.       Positive consequences of globalization

The increased availability of official development aid from states and world bodies ( FAO, UNESCO, ..).

8.       Negative consequences of globalization

Dependency on international markets on the technology and on the financial resources of the most powerful.

9.       FAO 

Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)

10.   UNESCO

United Nations Organization for Education, Science, Culture and Communications.

11.   Influential developed countries. Write countries, universities, and  firms (3 at least, each one)

The USA: Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, Berkeley. Apple, Microsoft and Google.

The European countries: Oxford, Cambridge and the Sorbonne. Volkswagen, Fiat and Renault.

Japan, South Korea and Taiwan: Toyota, Mitsubishi and Suzuki.

Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

12.   The developing world is found in two areas

*Africa, not only in terms of economic growth, bual also in terms of human development. It has abundant natural resources.

*Asia, lacking in natural resources, the effects of long wars, isolation and domestic repression (Afghanistan, North Korea) explain the lack of social and economic development

13.   The main emerging countries

China and India, The Arabian Peninsula and Turkey, Russia and the republic of South Africa and Latin America.

14.   Countries in transition are in...

Latin America (Peru and Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica)

Asia(Indonesia, The Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, Israel and Palestine) 

Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, Nigeria, Angola, The island of Mauritius and the Seychelles and Kenya)

15.   Enviromental problems. Write them 

Deforestation: The disappearance of forests.

Desertification and erosion: Spreading of deserts due to natural causes or human activity.

Depletion of natural resources

Contamination and pollution

16.   Conflicts in the world today

Wars, neocolonialism and external debt, Hunger and poverty, Diseases and epidemics, education and lack of citizen participation and democracy.

17.   Define state of wellbeing

High quality of life that consist of technological, political and social advances.

18.   How can we fight poverty, inequality and discrimination?

Poverty: support real and comprehensive development programmes.

Inequality: We must call for international solidarity, not only individual, but also through governments and world institutions

Discrimination: condition of equality must apply in all different fields like education, health and work.

Unit 5

1. What are economic goods?

Economic goods are products and services generated by economic activity.

2. What are economic agents? They are..

 They’re those elements that have a role in converting the factos of production into goods and services.

They are people and families, companies and The State.

3. What are the three economic sectors? And their activities?

Primary sector: directly from raw materials (agriculture,livestock, fishing, mining)

Secondary sector: convert raw materials into manufactured goods (industry)

Tertiary sector: Lending services (educaction, transport, healthcare..)

4. What is BRICS?

The emerging countries Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

5. What is tourism?

It’s the movement of people from their place of residence for a limited time for recreational or leisure purposes.

6. What are the economic systems?

-Capitalist or market economy.

-Communist or planned economy.

-Subsistence economy.

7. What is Capitalist or market economy?

It’s a free market economy (the law of supply and demand).

8. What are the main groups from agriculture production?

-Cereals.

-Fruits and vegetables and animal feed.

-Industrial crops.

9. What is the OPEC?

Countries with petroleum that belong to the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) headed by Saudi Arabia.

10. Which are the four kinds of livestock?

Bovine or cattle.

Ovine or sheep.

Caprine.

Porcine.

11. What involves the secondary sector across the world? And in Spain?

Across the world industry and construction. In Spain industry and energy as well as construction, in crisis nowadays (2016)

12. Why are fundamental the renewable resources?

Because their existance and renewal depend on rational use.

13.What are the factors of production?

They’re the resources required for the generation of economic goods.

14.Which  countries are the Asian Tigers?

South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore.

15. The Spanish secondary sector consists of…

Activites related to industry and energy.

Unit 6

1. What is agrarian activity?

Agrarian activities are those activities which involve the production of animan or plant materials.

2. Groups of factor of production.

Physical factors: Relief, climate and ground.

Human factors: Population, economic and technological development, land ownership, shape and size of land and agrarian polices.

3. Production system depends on:

Water usage, use of the land, crop variety, technology used and size of the farm.

4. What does ‘land ownership’ consists of?

Land can be private or public propety, communal or collecive and state-owned or public.

Practice sharecropping (the worker provides the landowner with some of production),

or rent the land (paying an amount to the owner to use the land).

5. What is traditional agriculture?

Traditional agriculture involves traditional production methods (not mechanised), so it needs many workers and produces a low yield. Represents a tiny percent of global production.

6.  What are the two types of traditional agriculture?

-Subsistence agriculture: Produces very little or just enough to survive.

-Agriculture for self-consumption: More productive than subsistence and is a sedentary practice. Farmers produce many different crops for themselves and for their animals.

7. What is modern agriculture?

It refers to farming that is highly technological or mechanised.

8. What is hunger?

Hunger is not an agronomic or a production problem. It is an issue of solidarity as well as an economic problem.

9. What is livestock?

Livestock refers to the breeding of animals to produce meat, milk, wool and leather or to be used as labour.

10. What is modern livestock?

It’s characterised by high production, the selection of appropiate breeds and an industrialised production system.

11. The production is…. and the yield is…

The production is mechanised and the yield is very high.

12.  Forest exploitation involves..

Using forests to obtain wood, cork and firewood, as grazing and hunting area as well as for harvesting types of wild fruit.

13. What are landscapes?

They refer to the natural territories that have been modified by humans to fulfill the production needs.

14. Traditional landscapes

Mediterranean. Wheat, vine and olive crops.

Oceanic continental. Keep livestock in enclosed natural grazing plots.

Tropical and Monsoon. Have desert-like or very arid land with livestock.

15. Modern landscapes.

Greenhouses. Commercial agriculture.

Desert agriculture. Farmed livestock converted to grow large crops due to channeling of water.

Jungle crops. Converted into fruit plantations to produce profit.ç

UNIT 7

1.- Define mineral resources:

Mining resources are raw materials that have a mineral origin , although they can also be of vegetable origin ( coal, petroleum). They belong to the primary sector as they are raw materials, but they  are the foundation of industry ( secondary sector) because they provide the minerals and the sources of energy that the secondary sector needs.

2.-Minerals resources: Classification and examples.

They can be classified as follows:

 A.-Industrial rocks:

          - Energy rocks or fossil fuels( coal, oil, and natural gas…)

          - Useful rocks ( limestone, marble , gypsum, clay, salt…)

          - Precious stones or gems( diamond, emerald, ruby and sapphire)

          -  Semi- precious stones ( amber, opal, turquoise, garnet , agate, topaz, jade…)

B.- Minerals:

          - Useful minerals ( iron , copper, lead, amongst others)

          -Precious minerals ( gold, silver and platinum)

                         -Strategic minerals ( uranium, coltan, cobalt).

3.-Mining  areas in the world: main sides.

Coal:  Appalachians or the Ural Mountains, China , Europe and Australia.

Oil:  Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela , Russia and other countries, and is often found in close proximity to natural gas.

4.-Mining consists of …

Extracting minerals resources, either on the surface of the land ( open pit mining) or underground ( mine site or mine shaft).

5.-Mines problems:

Changes to the land, on the surface and under ground.

Pollution

Destruction of the natural space.

6.-Define energy sources:

Energy sources are those that can produce light, heat and power.

7.-Types of energy sources:

Energy sources are largely those sources of energy that come from the sun, either directly or indirectly, or from rock and minerals.

8.-Types of energy sources depending on their nature:

  - Renewable and Non- renewable.

9.- Renewable, with examples:

      - Renewable: solar, eolian, geothermal, tidal and wave, hydroelectric and biomass.

10.- Non-renewable, with examples:

       -Non-renewable: Thermal( burning coal, oil and natural gas) and nuclear .

11.- Global dependency

There is still great global dependency in respect to the producing countries of oil and natural gas. Some of them are large producers( Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Algiers, Libya, Venezuela) although a low level of population or development forces the yield to be exported, generating huge revenues.

12.-OPEC and function :

OPEC ( Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries).Function is the control production and  prices of the oil.

13.-Secondary sector:

Industry and construction are the two activities that make up the secondary sector.

14.- Industry transform:

Raw  materials into manufactured products.

15.-Compare first and second industrial revolution.

First industrial revolution: Energy derived from coal. The metal and textile industries were the most important industries.

Second industrial revolution: Energy derived from oil and electricity. The automobile, chemicals, iron and steel  and household appliance industries.

16.- Nowadays, our revolution is:

Information and automation revolution . Electronics, information technology and biotechnology. Automation, telecommunications and the internet were pivotal to this revolution.

17.-Real estate bubble:

Construction has grown beyond the needs of the population

18.- Two buildings models:

 Skyscrapers and individual family houses.

Unit 7

1. Mineral resources...

2. Mineral resources: classification and examples

3. Mining areas in the world: main sites

4. Mining consists of...

5. Mines: problems

6. Energy sources

7. Types of energy sources

8. Types of energy sources, depending on their nature

9. Renewable, with examples

10. Non-renewable, and examples

11. Global dependency

12. OPEC, and function

13. Secondary sector

14. Industry transforms...

15. Compare first and second industrial revolution

16. Nowadays, our revolution is...

17. Real estate bubble

18. Two building models

3B2  PHYSICAL MAPS

1.-Where the European Plain is?

2.-Where the Caucaso is?

3.- Where's the Kilimanjaro?

4.-Where's the Gulf of Adán?

5.-Where's the Great Australian Bight?

6.-Where's the Atacama desert?

7.-Where's the Patagonia?

8.-Where's hudson bay?

9.-Where's the Gulf of Mexico?

10.-Where's the Himalaya?

11.-Where's the river Tigris?

12.-Where's the river Mackenzie?

13.-Where's the river Niger

14.-Where's the river Volga?

15.-Wherer's the river Rin?

16.-Where's the Persian Gulf?

17.-Where's the Baltic Sea?

18.-Where's the Great lake?Name 2 of them.

19.-Wheres's the Rocky Mountains?

20.-Where's the River Plate?

21.-Where's the Aconcagua?

22.-Where's the Appalachians?

23.-Where's the Bay of Bengal?

24.-Where's the Everest?

25.-Where's the River Thames?

Explicación exámenes tipo test

1. What are the two types of modern agriculture according to the destination of the products or the way they are produced?

a. Commercial and ecological.                        

b. Machine and commercial.

c. Ecological and machining.

2. How many power plants have Spain?

a. 5 power plants.

b. 2 power plants.

c. 7 power plants.          

3. What are the physical factors of production?

a. Relief, production and economic and technological development.

b. Ground, land ownership and agrarian plocies.

c. Relief, climate and ground.            

4. What of these list are all renewable sources of energy?

a. Solar, nuclear, geothermal, biomas.

b. Geothermal, hydroelectric, tidal, solar.          

c.  Biomas, tidal, thermal, eolian.

5. Mining areas in the world: main sites

a. China, USA, Australia, Canada, Brazil and South Africa.           

b. Africa, Canada, Brazil, Germany and USA.

c. Arabian Peninsula, China, Canada, Brazil and USA.

6. Who are the “Asian Tigers”?

a. Spain, France and Portugal.

b.USA, Canada and Mexico.

c. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore.       

7.What is ecological agriculture?

a. Agriculture make in the country side.

b. Agriculture that doesn’t use chemical products.        

c. Agriculture made for self consumition.

8. What types of fishing is performed in river and coastal areas?

a.  Industrial Fishing                                           

b. Artisanal and Industrial fishing

c. Traditional fishing

9. What is agrarian activity?

a. Are those activities which involve the production of animal or plant materials

b. It´s characterized by high production, the selection of appropriate breeds and an industrialized production system

c. They refer to the natural territories that have been modified by humans to fulfill the production needs         

10. What is modern agriculture?

a. Is not an agronomic or a production problem. It is an issue of solidarity as well as an economic problem

b. It refers to farming that is highly technological or mechanised

c. It´s characterized by high production, the selection of appropriate breeds and an industrialized production system

11. Traditional landscapes?

a. Mediterranean, Tropical and Monsoon

b. Desert, Mediterranean and Oceanic continental

c.  Mediterranean, Oceanic continental and Tropical and Monsoon

12. Modern landscapes

a. Greenhouses, Desert agriculture and Jungle crops

b. Desert agriculture and Jungle crops

c. Greenhouses and Jungle crops

13. What are the economic systems?

a. Capitalist, communist and subsistence economy

b. Capitalist. Market economy and Communist

c. Planned economy, Communist and Subsistence economy

14.What is Capitalist or market economy?

a.  It´s a free market economy (the law of supply and demand)

 b. Economic goods are products and services generated by economic activity  

 c. It´s the movement of people from their place of residence for a limited time for recreational or leisure purpose

15. What is BRICS?

a. The emerging countries Brazil, Russia, India, China

b. The emerging countries Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa                

c. The emerging countries Russia, China and South Africa          

16. Which are the four kinds of livestock?

a. Bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine

b. Bovine, cattle, caprine and porcine

 c. Ovine, sheep, bovine and cattle               

17. Industrial rocks:

a. Energy rocks or fossil fuels, useful rocks

b. Useful rocks, precious stones and gems

c. Energy rocks or fossil fuels, useful rocks, precious stones or gems and semi-precious stones

18. Minerals:

a. Useful minerals

b. Precious minerals and strategic minerals

c. Useful minerals, precious minerals and strategic minerals

19. Mines problems:

a. Changes to the land, on the surface and underground, Pollution and Destruction of the natural space

b. Destruction of the natural space

c. Changes to the land, on the surface and underground

20. Define energy sources

a. Are those that can produce light, hot and cold

b. Are those that can produce light, heat and power

c. Are those that can produce heat, power and temperature   

21.Types of energy sources depending on their nature?

a. Renewable and Don´t- renewable

b. In- renewable and Non- renewable 

c. Renewable and Non- Renewable

22. Renewable, with examples

a. Solar, eolian, geothermal, tidal and wave, hydroelectric and biomass             

b. Solar, eolian, geothermal, coal, oil and natural gas

c. Thermal and nuclear

23. Non- renewable, with examples

a. Solar, eolian, geothermal, coal, oil and natural gas

b. Solar, eolian, geothermal, tidal and wave, hydroelectric and biomass       

c. Thermal ( burning coal, oil and natural gas) and nuclear

24. Nowadays, our revolution is:

a. . Information and automation revolution, electronics, information technology and biotechnology, automation

 b. Information and automation revolution, electronics, information technology and biotechnology, automation, telecommunications and the internet were pivotal to this revolution

c. Electronics, information technology and biotechnology, automation, telecommunications and the internet were pivotal to this revolution

25.Real estate bubble

a. Construction has lose beyond the needs of the population

b. Construction has stop beyond the needs of the population 

c. Construction has grown beyond the needs of the population