In the article, “Sharing one skin,” By Jeannette Armstrong … We learn about the Okanagan. It also talks about our physical self, emotional self,  Thinking- intellectual self, and our spiritual self. And how they relate to the Okanagan and yet as another type of Native it’s like we can relate to the article.

Armstrong, Jeanette. 1995 “Sharing One Skin : The Okanagan Community.” Pp.460-470 in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds.), The Case Against the Global Economy, San Francisco, CA:Club books.

Memories and stories are connected to our land as described by, B. Toastie in the article, “How we place names impact the way we see landscape,” In the article we walk about place identity where its a place that you can remember by memories or important teaching. Like when you First go hunting you never forget the area or the unit as you grow it becomes more of a fond memory. 

 ( How place names impact the way we see landscape - High Country News), Pp.1-8, May 1, 2022 by, B. Toastie. 

“And then I went to school,”  By Joe Suina… In The story, “And Then I went to School,” The author illustrates his struggles with connecting his culture to the white man's world. He talks about his childhood and his experience with going to Boarding schools.  

Suina: Suina, Joe, and Joseph H. Suina. “And Then I Went To School” Rethinking Schools, 22 June 2021,                                                  www.RethinkingSchools.org/articles/then-i-went-to-school/.

¨Indian Of North America: conflict and survival¨ by Frank W. Porter. Is an article about Native American tribes. The article starts off with a quote by John Steinbeck - ¨The Indians survived our open intention of wiping them out. And since the tide turned they have even weathered our good intentions toward them, which can be much more deadly.¨ Then we start with how the Europeans thought that North America was a clean slate, meaning that no one was there but they found out that Native Americans were already living there. 

The Conquistadores saw Native Americans as a source of labor, the Christian Missionaries saw them as a potential convert, and the French traders and Trappers saw them as a means of pelts. Then we move into modern times where the U.S. government would give them land, but with a price of that Native Americans cannot sell the land due to a particular reason of the land being in a ¨trust.¨ Next is how the government tried to get Native Americans to move from their ancestral lands to urban areas. And also how the government tried to terminate their obligation, under treaties, to help Native Americans.  

Citation: Kelly Lawrence C. Federal Indian policy. Chelsea House 1990. Pages 7-11

The article ¨American Heritage River¨ tells us about, how certain rivers can become designated American heritage river. Some can be nominated or designated by the president. And also gets recommended by the ¨American Heritage River Initiative Advisory Committee.¨ if that river is designated it will get Federal assistance could include economic development or pollution cleanup funds, and will be provided only at a community's request. One of the ¨Rivers¨ that is a designated American heritage river is the River that my senior honors project the Rio Grande.

Citation: https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/CEQ/Rivers/ 

¨Britannica,¨ tells us about the Rio Grande's past giving it a biography. The river can either be called the ¨Rio Grande¨ or ¨Río Bravo¨, the Río Bravo is what the Rio Grande is called in Mexico. The Rio Grande is the fifth-largest river in North America and the 20th in the world. It even mentioned the Pueblo Indians and how they used the river, for agriculture purposes, traditional purposes, drinking water, and also as a food source by fishing.

Citation: https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/CEQ/Rivers/ 

A video that I found very interesting it is, ¨Cochiti Canyon flood - Dixon Apple Orchard ¨, the video about what happened to an apple orchard farm that has a little river for irrigation, That turned into a flash flood that was the result of the Los Conchas fire in Cochiti, it was filmed on August 27, 2021, the cause of the flash flood was due to all the trees and plants being burned away and with a little bit of rain the ground can´t absorb the water fast enough which is why a flash flood occurred. 

Citations: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=cochiti+pueblo+and+las+conchas+ 

The article “The Rio Grande isn't just a border - It's a river crisis.” Is about the Rio Grande, which is starting to give out, and that some areas of the Rio Grande are already drying out. Fort Quitman is one of the effective areas, where the River has dried out. since the Rio Grande is a border between the U.S. and Mexico. for equipment had to put barbed wire in the Rio Grande to keep the riverbed as a border. Farmers and cities in southern Texas, and Northern Mexico are affected. As researchers who study hydrology and transboundary Water Management, Believe managing this impact on resources requires closer cooperation between the United States and Mexico researchers. 

Citations: Rueda, Vianey, Groneworld Drew. ¨The Rio Grande isn’t just a border – it’s a river in crisis.¨ PreventionWeb, October 25, 2023, https://www.preventionweb.net/news/rio-grande-isnt-just-border-its-river-crisis#:~:text=The%20river%20is%20in%20decline,northern%20Mexico%20are%20also%20affected.

The article "A River Wounded: Crisis on the Rio Grande,¨ Is about how the Rio Grande is starting to dry out. The effect humans have had by ¨Improving the river¨. The way humans impacted the river is by setting up concrete borders to help the River, but it ends up affecting the river base. The Rio Grande does get affected by us not helping and if we do we end up hurting the environment more.

Citation: Prokop, Danielle. ¨A River Wounded: Crisis on the Rio Grande.¨ Source New Mexico, January 30, 2023, https://sourcenm.com/2023/01/30/a-river-wounded-crisis-on-the-rio-grande/.

The article ¨Less Sow, More Flow¨ main topic is water management. The way they are trying to manage the water flow of the Rio Grande. The state of New Mexico is paying farmers, in the middle of Rio Grande Valley to not farm. The reason the state is doing this is so they can send water downstream. Farmers will receive $700 for every acre they forgo irrigating for a full growing season and $ 400 for every half-season. The state doubled the amount they were offering so it could better their chances of getting people to join in.

Citation: Wyland, Scott. ¨Less sow, more flow.¨  Santa Fe New Mexican, December 5, 2023, pages A-1, A-4

In the Book ¨ Community Cultivation and Cochiti¨ by Sarah R. Payne, Ph. Talks about Land, Water, (etc.) there is a lot of information, especially in the water chapter and land.  They both had fascinating information in each chapter, but my main focus was on the water topic.  The book tells us (the reader) how Cochiti would use the river in the old way. The method used before colonization was flood watering, where they would study the land to learn the flood zones, and that is where they would plant.

Citation: Payne Sarah, ¨Community Cultivation, and Cochiti: A Brief History Of Farming At The Pueblo.¨ Cochiti Department  Of Natural Resources, Fall 2012 

The Article ¨Rio Grande Already Drying Out Near Socorro¨ by Laura Paskus, written on April 6, 2018, tells us what the impacts affecting the Rio Grande and its fish. The river was affected by the amount of snow in the river less snow, less flow. The Rio Grande has ¨Silvery Minnows¨ that are now on the endangered species list because of the amount of water. And that thanks to the lessening amount of snow the U.S.  Department of Agriculture designated 12 counties as natural disaster areas due to drought.

Citation: Paskus Laura, ¨Rio Grande Already Drying out near Socorro.¨ NMPBS,4/6/2018, https://www.newmexicopbs.org/productions/newmexicoinfocus/rio-grande-already-drying-out-near-socorro/

The Article ¨The Rio Grande is drying in the Albuquerque area¨ by Hannah Grover is about Managers from certain organizations are preparing to protect the ¨minnows¨, lower agricultural use. It talks about how the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District prepares for an end of San Juan - Chama project water releases within a few days. There it talks about how the hot temperatures are affecting the ditches and the rivers by evaporation. They have a plan to get/find the silvery minnow eggs and try to spawn them so that way they don't go extinct  

Citation: Grover Hannah, ¨ The Rio Grande is drying in the Albuquerque area.¨ The Journal, August 20, 2023, https://www.the-journal.com/articles/the-rio-grande-is-drying-in-the-albuquerque-area/#:~:text=The%20Rio%20Grande%20looks%20significantly,endangered%20Rio%20Grande%20silvery%20minnow.