Article "Addiction Among Native Americans", by Amanda Lautieri talks of how Natives are at a higher rish of abusing substances. She describes the rates and life expectancy of Natives compared to other races and how they are compared differently with Natives getting the worse. Natives get the worse end because they start off at a younf age and have a imbalance of more risk factors than protective factors. These factors include poverty, mental disorders, discrimination, trauma, and poor coping skills. These all play a key part in Substance abuse in natives.

Citation - Lautieri, A. (2023, June 9). Addiciton among Native Americans| Drug use and Alcoholism. Sunrise House. https://sunrisehouse.com/addiciton-demographics/native-americans/

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            Massachusetts Department of Public Health. (n.d.). Coming Home. https://massclearinghouse.ehs.state.ma.us/. https://massclearinghouse.ehs.state.ma.us/PROG-BSAS-YTH/SA3528.html

"Native Americans: A guide to addiction and recovery" by Corrine O'keefe Osborn describes how American Indians/Alaskan Natives are at a high rate of abusing substances. There are surveys from 2015 describing how Natives 12 and over used illegal drugs and how often they use them. With the Data received, many statistics are recorded and used to compare them to the National Average. The article also goes over the main reasons why natives start using substances and how they are dangerously high rates of starting young. In the end the article gives options for help to recover from addiction, but also gives reasons why Natives won't seek help.

Citation - O'keefe Osborn, C. (2023,June 2). Native Americans: A Guide to Addiction and Recovery. AmericanAddictionsCenterRecovery.org. https://recovery.org/addiction/demographics/native-americans/

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            AmericanAddictionCenters. (2023, November 16). Native Peoples’ illicit drug use. Recovery.org.

This vieo describes the effects of substances on Native households and their children. Many of the speakers in the video were victims or witnesses of these events. They describe how they were affected by their parents and how they started using substqances too, because of thier childhood experience. Even though they were victims they got a chance to recover through different ways like their cultures and western medicine. With these two types of healing paths, these people want to find a way to utilize both ways of recovery.

citation- office for victims of crime. (2016, October 20). A circle of healing for all native children endangered by drug[Video].YouTube.https://youtu.be/7hRVvyblszQ?si=HlytylCoo7k7C3lH

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             Medicine Wheel. (2020, May 24). Indigenous Corporate Training Inc. https://www.ictinc.ca/blog/what-is-an-indigenous-medicine-wheel

In an interview od Mann Webster Denning, he tales about how his son's suicide affected him negatively but continued to stand up and do what his son loved most, which was to dance. Denning describes how many generational traumas affect younger generations. Many of the traumas included racism, poverty, poor mental health, and substance abuse. These are what lead to substance abuse and suicide, which Native Americans lead in the US.

Citation - , Green Bay Press-Gazette. “His Son Died by Suicide. He Danced Anyway. How Generational Trauma Continues to Haunt Native Communities.” Green Bay Press-Gazette, 31 May 2023, www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/native-american-issues/2023/05/30/native-american-suicide-addiction-incarceration-rates-generational-trauma/70254115007.

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Native American Dances. May 2017, indianyouth.org/assets/uploads/2020/09/RS-Powwow-Mothers-Day-May-2017_7461-scaled.jpg.

The article describes how native communities are being affected by opioids the most. Many of these native community leaders are starting to turn to the Government so there can be a public health emergency. This was called upon to show the effects of opioids like fentanyl and what it does to everyone who uses it. The article also talks of a more potent opioid that is more deadlier than fentanyl through overdose rates and potency.

Citation - Kumamoto, Ian. “Inside Tribal Leaders’ Call to Action to Address the Fentanyl Crisis.” HuffPost, 13 Nov. 2023, www.huffpost.com/entry/fentanyl-crisis-native-american-tribal-leaders-call-to-action_n_654e9be5e4b0c9f24660298a.

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National Fentanyl Awareness. 18 May 2023, images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e20a422b9032578964924d9/2bd64411-bd5a-4e47-a749-55d595402018/shutterstock_1031234188+%281%29.jpg.

College students tell of how they are helping Native Americans through clinical health trials. Many have found that they are underrepresented, unaware, or avoided. Because they are underrepresented they tend to be forgotten and ignored. This all leads to a lack of support to communities who need it most. So the college students are helping with native only health trials.

Citation - Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences. “Researching Alcohol Abuse in Native American Populations.” YouTube, 27 Apr. 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbLXAOM52x0.

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Alcohol Use Disorder. 16 Apr. 2019, www.scripps.edu/_files/images/news-and-events/large-release-images/2019/20190416-roberto-alcohol-920x500.jpg.

Senator Maggie Hassan and Representative Annie Kuster meet with chinese President Xi Jinping ask for a common need. What was discussed was about asking china to slow down their export of the chemicals needed to make drugs. China agreed because both countries struggle with a fight against "Counternarcotics". This was after a meeting with both countries Presidents to help fight against the opioid crisis in American and China.

Citation - Barndollar, Hadley. “Hassan and Kuster Talk Substance Use Funding, Fentanyl Precursors in China – New Hampshire Bulletin.” New Hampshire Bulletin, 20 Nov. 2023, newhampshirebulletin.com/briefs/hassan-and-kuster-talk-substance-use-funding-fentanyl-precursors-in-china.

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China.www.flagcolorcodes.com/images/jpg/china.jpg.

A hearing was called to order in the California state capitol to address a fentanyl crisis in the Manzanita band of Kumeyaay Nation. Although a small community, the tribal leaders call for support for it's 155 members. Tribal leaders called for more consistent funding, regional treatment centers, education on new drugs, better law enforcement on the tide of drugs and overdose responses. Native Americans are the highest in opioid related overdoses in the county. There have been bills that have been introduced to give a solution to some of these problems.

Citation - “Roundtable Explores Solutions to Fentanyl Crisis in California Native American Communities.” capradio.com, 3 Apr. 2023,www.capradio.org/articles/2023/04/03/roundtable-explores-solutions-to-fentanyl-crisis-in-california-native-american-communities.

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Unites States Flag. 11 Jan. 2024, images.photowall.com/products/43417/usa-flag.jpg?h=699&q=85.

A reporter travels around Africa to understand the truth about abuse in certain countries. Working alongside doctors and researchers, a reporter finds the statistics of substance abuse and why people are using. Many of their learned data ubcludes people who use, entire populations, and the age of the abusers. This data gives reason to why many people are using which is becasue the population is getting larger and the people are getting younger and younger. Around 77% of the population in Africa are younger than 35.

Citation - “The Truth About: Drug Abuse Across Africa.” YouTube, m.youtube.com/watch?v=tmIqyc9yDbU.

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Africa.cdn.businessday.ng/2023/07/Inspire-Africa-Conference.png.