Embedded Files
Confounding and effect modification
Grimes & Schulz: Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet 2002;359:248-52.
Greenland S, Morgenstern H. Confounding in health research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2001; 22:189-212.
Regression: overview and simple linear regression
Zou KH, Tuncali K, Silverman SG (2003). Correlation and simple regression. Radiology, 227: 617-628.
Hoffman JP (2005). Linear Regression Analysis: Assumptions and Applications.
Brigham Young University: Dept of Sociology. pp:257.
Schwarz CJ (2013). Correlation and simple linear regression. Chapter 15. Quantitative methods for Field Biologists. Simon Fraser University.
Standardization
Preston S, Heuveline P & Guillot M (2001) Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes, Malden MA: Blackwell, pp. 21-28.
Standardization - Further reading
Palmore JA & Gardner RW (1994) Measuring Mortality, Fertility and Natural Increase: A Self-Teaching Guide to Elementary Measures, 4th Edition, Honolulu: East-West Center, pp. 9-34.
Hennekens and Buring. 1987. Epidemiology in Medicine. Pp 70-73; 85-86.
Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R and Inoue M. 2001.Age standardization of rates: A new WHO standard. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No.31. EIP/GPE/EBD, WHO. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper31.pdf
Ezeh AC and Dodoo FN. 2002. Institutional Change and the African Fertility Transition: The Case of Kenya. African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) Working Paper No. 25
Statistical approaches dealing with data below the limit of detection
Swanepoel A, et al. Respirable Dust and Quartz Exposure from Three South African Farms with Sandy, Sandy Loam. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2011; 55(6):634-643.
Ogden T. Handling results below the level of detection. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2010; 54(3):255-256.
Narratives and life histories
K.Charmaz (1999) Stories of Suffering: Subjective Tales and Research Narratives, Qualitative Health Research 9: 3: 362-382
K. Haglund (2004) Conducting Life History Research with Adolescents 14;9: 1309-1319
Logistic regression
Bagley SC, White H, Golomb BA (2001). Logistic regression in the medical literature: Standards for use and reporting, with particular attention to one medical domain. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54: 979–985.
Campbell MJ (2006). Statistics at Square Two. 2nd Ed Blackwell BMJ Books.
Hailpern SM, Visintainer PF (2003). Odds ratios and logistic regression: further examples of their use and interpretation . The Stata Journal, 3: 213–225.
Hosmer DW, Taber S, Lemeshow S (1991). The importance of assessing the fit of logistic regression models: a case study. Am J Public Health. 1991 December; 81(12):1630–1635.
LaValley M (2008). Logistic Regression. Circulation, 117: 2395-2399.
Lemon SC, Roy J et al. (2003). Classification and regression tree analysis in public health: Methodological review and comparison with logistic regression. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 26: 172-181.
Case studies
Crowe S, Cresswell K, Robertson A., Guby G., Avery A. Sheikh A. (2011) The Case Study Approach 11.100 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/11/100
Robert K. Yin (2003) Case Study Research – Design and Methods Sage Publishers Overview of Case Study Models and Methodologies (2010 Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management 5 pages
Linda T. Kohn (1997) Methods in Case Study Analysis, The Centre for studying Health System Change, Technical Publication 2 10 pages
Tellis Winston (1997) Application of a Case Study Methodology The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 3, September, 1997 (http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-3/tellis2.html)
Multiple regression
Hoffman JP (2005). Linear Regression Analysis: Assumptions and Applications. Brigham Young University: Dept of Sociology. pp:257.
Netter J et al (2007). Applied Linear Regression. Thomson/Cole: New York.
Schwarz CJ (2013). Correlation and simple linear regression. Chapter 15. Quantitative methods for Field Biologists. Simon Fraser University.
Ethnography
Textbook – Ethnography – pp46-49
Venkatesch Sudihir (2002) Doin’ the Hustle, Constructing the Ethnographer in the American Ghetto Ethnography 3, 1 27 pages
Spatial analysis
Beale, L., Abellan, J. J., Hodgson, S., & Jarup, L. (2008). Methodologic issues and approaches to spatial epidemiology. Environmental health perspectives, 116(8), 1105.
Elliott, P., & Wartenberg, D. (2004). Spatial epidemiology: current approaches and future challenges. Environmental health perspectives, 112(9), 998.
Ostfeld, R. S., Glass, G. E., & Keesing, F. (2005). Spatial epidemiology: an emerging (or reemerging) discipline. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20(6), 328-336.
Rezaeian, M., Dunn, G., St Leger, S., & Appleby, L. (2007). Geographical epidemiology, spatial analysis and geographical information systems: a multidisciplinary glossary. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 61(2), 98-102.
Westercamp, N., Moses, S., Agot, K., Ndinya-Achola, J. O., Parker, C., Amolloh, K. O., & Bailey, R. C. (2010). Research Spatial distribution and cluster analysis of sexual risk behaviors reported by young men in Kisumu, Kenya.
Participatory approaches
Textbook pp. 49 – 52
Kesby, M. Kindon, S. & Rachel Pain (2004) ‘Participatory approaches and techniques’ in Flowerdew, R. & Martin, D. Methods in human geography: a guide for students doing a research project, second edition. (London Longman) forthcoming Chapter 9
Participatory’ approaches and diagramming techniques PLA notes (1998-2001) Tips for trainers: Introducing the ‘H-form’ - a method for monitoring and evaluation.
J. P.Rother, D. Ozegovic, L.J. Carroll (2009) Innovation in qualitative interviews: "Sharing Circles"in a First Nations community Injury Prevention: journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention.
Life tables
Preston S, Heuveline P & Guillot M (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes, Malden MA: Blackwell, pp.53-61; 71-91.
Life tables - Further reading
Newell C (1988). Methods and models in demography, New York: Guilford Press, pp.67-81.
Oeppen J and Vaupel J (2002). Broken limits to life expectancy, Science, 296(5570):1029-31.
Siegel JS and Swanson DA (2006). The methods and materials of demography. Second edition, pp.324-331. [optional]
Bawah AA, and Binka F (2007). How many years of life could be saved if malaria were eliminated from a hyperendemic area of northern Ghana? American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77 (6S): 145-152.
Rapid appraisal
S.A. Murray, J. Tapson, L. Turnbull, J. McCallum, A. Little (1994) British Medical Journal 308 698-700 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2539376/pdf/bmj00431-0034.pdf
Robert Chambers (1994) The Origins and Practice of Participatory Rapid Appraisal World Development 22;7: 953-969
Mixed methods: how to do it and when to do it?
Hennink, Hutter, Bailey, Qualitative Research Methods pp52-58 Mixed methods
Bryman A. (2006) Integrating quantitative and qualitative research:how is it done? Qualitative Research 6 (1) 97-113
Bryman A. (2007) Barriers to Integrating quantitative and qualitative research Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1:8-22
Margaret Thorogood, Myles Connor, Gillian Lewando Hundt and Steve Tollman (2007) Understanding and managing hypertension in an African sub-district: a multidisciplinary approach Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35(Supplement 69) 52-59.
Analysis of multilevel data
Msellem et al. Influence of Rapid Malaria Diagnostic Tests on Treatment and Health Outcome in Fever Patients, Zanzibar— A Crossover Validation Study. Plos Medicine 2009, 6(4).
Phenomenology
Olsson M., Stafstrom L, Soderbeg S. (2013) Meanings of Fatigue for Women with Parkinson’s Disease Qualitative Health Research 23;6: 741-748
M. Jessup (2010) ’All at Sea’ The Experience of living with Cystic Fibroses 20;3:352-36
Group assignment: Synthesizing the data: Using mixed methods
R. Burke Johnson and Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie (2004) Mixed Methods Research: A Research Based Paradigm whose Time has come, Educational Researcher 33 (7) 14-26.
Hennink, Hutter, Bailey, Qualitative Research Methods pp52-58: Mixed methods
Group assignment: Synthesizing the data: Using mixed methods - Additional reading
John W. Cresswell, Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches, Chapter 11, Mixed Methods Approaches pp. 208-224 2nd edition Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi
Population pyramids
Survival analysis
Helen Barraclough, Lorinda Simms and Ramaswamy Govindan. Biostatistics primer: what a clinician ought to know: hazard ratios. J Thorac Oncol. 2011 Jun;6(6):978-82.
I.H. Khan, G.J. Prescott. A primer on survival analysis. J Nephrol. 2004 Mar-Apr ;17(2):216-22
Richard Kay. An explanation of the hazard ratio. Pharmaceut. Statist. 2004; 3: 295–297.
Jane Ruth Aceng, Justus S Byarugaba, James K Tumwine. Rectal artemether versus intravenous quinine for the treatment of cerebral malaria in children in Uganda:randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2005 Feb 12;330(7487):334
Grounded theory
L. Lingard et al Grounded Theory, Mixed Methods and Action Research (2008) British Medical Journal 337: 39602.690162.47
H. S. Wilson et al (2002) Reconciling Incompatibilities: A Grounded Theory of HIV Medication, Adherence and Symptom Management 12:1309-1322
J. Kylma et al (2001) Hope Despair and Hoplesseness with HIV/AIDS: a grounded theory study 1365-2648
K. Charmaz (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis Sage
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