Week 1 readings

Approaching data analysis in research

• Nayak, B.K. and A. Hazra, How to choose the right statistical test? Indian J Ophthalmol, 2011. 59(2): p. 85-6. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116565/ 

• Zinsmeister, A.R. and J.T. Connor, Ten Common Statistical Errors and How to Avoid Them. Am J Gastroenterol, 2008. 103(2): p. 262-266.

• What statistical analysis should I use? Institute for digital research and education, UCLA. http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/mult_pkg/whatstat/

• Selecting statistics. Online statistical advisor. Web center for social research methods. http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/selstat/ssstart.htm

• Introduction to Statistics: Levels of Measurement. Youtube video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0ABvLa_u88

• Choosing which statistical test to use. Youtube video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rulIUAN0U3w

Generating qualitative data

• EA James, MT Milenkiewicz, A Bucknam, Chapter 4, Qualitative Data Collection in Participatory action research for educational leadership: Using data-driven decision making to improve schools, SAGE Publications (CA), 2007 – ERIC

• Mark L. McCaslin and Karen Wilson Scott, The Five-Question Method For Framing A Qualitative Research Study, The Qualitative Report Volume 8 Number 3 September 2003 447-461 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-3/mccaslin.pdf

Study design

• 1. Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Case-control studies: research in reverse. Lancet. 2002 Feb 2; 359(9304):431-4.

• Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes. Lancet. 2002 Jan 26; 359(9303):341-5.

• Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Descriptive studies: what they can and cannot do. Lancet. 2002 Jan 12; 359(9301):145-9.

In depth interviewing and focus groups

• Lisa A. Guion, David C. Diehl, and Debra McDonald, Conducting an In-depth Interview, online, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FY/FY39300.pdf

• Module 4, Tips for conducting Focus Groups, Insites. org. May 2007. Online http://www.insites.org/CLIP_v1_site/downloads/PDFs/TipsFocusGrps.4D.8-07.pdf

During session - In depth interviewing and focus groups

• Carolyn Boyce and Palena Neale, Conducting In-depth interviews: A Guide for Designing and Conducting In-Depth Interviews for Evaluation Input, May 2006, Pathfinder international Online. http://www.pathfind.org/site/DocServer/m_e_tool_series_indepth_interviews.pdf

• Lisa A. Guion, David C. Diehl, and Debra McDonald, Conducting an In-depth Interview, online, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FY/FY39300.pdf

• Module 4, Tips for conducting Focus Groups, Insites. org. May 2007. Online http://www.insites.org/CLIP_v1_site/downloads/PDFs/TipsFocusGrps.4D.8-07.pdf

Measures of association

• González-Ramírez AR, Rivas-Ruiz F. Measures of frequency, magnitude of association and impact in epidemiology. Allergol Immunopathol.2010; 38(3):147–152.

Suggested additional readings:

• Greenland S, Rothman KJ, Lash TL. Chapter 4: Measures of Effect and Measures of Association. In Modern Epidemiology. Edited by Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott WIlliams & Wilkins; 2008:51-70. {highly recommended if you can get hold a copy} 

• Benichou J and Palta M. Rates, Risks, Measures of Association and Impact. Handbook of Epidemiology 2005, Part I, 89-156, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-26577-1_3.

Selection of study populations

• Essentials of medical statistics by BR Kirkwood.

• Field Trials of Health interventin Development countries: a tool box, edited by PG Smith & RH Morrow.

Validity and reliability

• Time-to-pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a South African population. Braimoh Bello, Danuta Kielkowski, Dick Heederik, Kerry Wilson BMC Public Health 2010, 10:565. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/565.

Data collection

• http://www.cochrane.es/files/Recursos/How_to_design_a_questionnaire.pdf

• Boynton P., Greenhalgh T. Selecting, designing and developing your questionnaire. BMJ 2004; 328: 1312-5 

• Boynton P. Administering, analysing and reporting your questionnaire. BMJ 2004; 328:1372-5

• Boyton P., Wood G.W., Greenhalgh T. Reaching beyond the white middle classes. BMJ 2004;328; 1433-6

• Ann Bowling Research Methods in Health: Investigating health and health services. 2009 Open University Press McGraw Hill International Maidenhead, Berks, UK

Bias    Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin -- Date: November 27, 2013  Time 13.45-15.45

• Grimes & Schulz: Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet 2002; 359:248-52

Hypothesis testing  Facilitator: Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin.  Date  November 26, 2013  Time 08.30-10.30

1. Hilborn, Ray; Mangel, Marc (1997). The ecological detective: confronting models with data. Princeton University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-691-03497-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=katmvQDi8PMC&pg=PA24. 

2. Mellenbergh, G.J.(2008). Chapter 8: Research designs: Testing of research hypotheses. In H.J. Adèr & G.J. Mellenbergh (Eds.) (with contributions by D.J. Hand), Advising on Research Methods: A consultant's companion (pp. 183-209). Huizen, The Netherlands: Johannes van Kessel Publishing.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypothesis&oldid=521355460"

3. Ulrich Kohler and Frauke Kreute, Data Analysis Using Stata. Stata Press, 2005. ISBN-13: 978-1-59718-007-8

Testing of parametric assumptions -  Facilitator: Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin.  Date: November 22, 2013 Time  10.45-12.45

1. Geisser, S.; Johnson, W.M. (2006) Modes of Parametric Statistical Inference, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-471-66726-1

2. Cox, D.R. (2006) Principles of Statistical Inference, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-68567-2

3. Corder; Foreman (2009) Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians: A Step-by-Step Approach, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-45461-9

4. Freedman, D. (2000) Statistical Models: Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-67105-7

5. Wolfowitz, J. (1942) Annals of Mathematical Statistics, XIII, p. 264 (1942)