Unit 3 - The Coming of the Civil War and the Civil War (1850 - 1865)
8-U5.1.2 - Describe the role of the Northwest Ordinance and its effect on the banning of slavery (e.g., the establishment of Michigan as a free state)
Northwest Ordiniance page 155
Northwest Ordiniance
The ordinance stated "there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude (forced labor) in the ...... territory."
8-U5.1.6 Describe how major issues debated at the Constitutional Convention such as disagreements over the distribution of political power, rights of individuals (liberty and property), rights of states, election of the executive, and slavery help explain the Civil War.
Chapter 5 Sect 3 Creating the Constitution 163 -168
Great Compromise
Fifth Amendment
Tenth Amendment
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Legislative Branch
Popular Sovereignty
Election of Executive - Electoral College
The Three - Fifths Compromise
Forgeign Slave Trade
The Word Slavery or Slave
8-U5.1.1 Explain the differences in the lives of free blacks (including those who escaped from slavery) with the lives of free whites and enslaved peoples.
Chapter 13 Sect 2 Southern Society 420 - 423
Planters
Yeomen
8-U5.1.3 Decribe the competing views of Calhoun, Webster, and Clay on the union amoung the states (e.g., sectionalism, nationalism, federalism, states' rights).
Chapter 15 Sect 1 The Debate over Slavery 476 - 481
Competing views of Calhoun, Webster, and Clay
John C. Calhoun
South Carolina, Slave State
States' Rights Chp 10 Sect 2 328pg
Sectionalism
Henry Clay
Kentucky, Slave State
Compromise
Sectionalism
Daniel Webster
Massachusetts, Free State
Compromise
8-U5.1.4 - Describe how the following increased sectional tensions: the Missouri Compromise (1820), the Wilmot Proviso, (1846) the Compromise of 1850 including the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas - Nebraska Act (1854), and subsequent conflict in Kansas, the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision(1857), changes in the party system.
Chapter 9 Sect 2 page 304 Missouri Compromise
Chapter 15 Sect 1 The Debate over Slavery 476 - 481
Popular Sovereignty
Wilmot Proviso
Sectionalism
Free Soil Party
Secede
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Chapter 15 Sect 2 Trouble in Kansas 483 - 487
Stephen Douglas
Kansas - Nebraska Act
John Brown
Pottawatomie Massacre
Charles Sumner
Preston Brooks
Chapter 15 Sect 3 Political Divisions 488 - 492
Republican Party
Dred Scott v. Sanford decision (1857)
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
Lincoln - Douglas Debates
Freeport Doctrine
8-U5.1.5 Describe the resistance of enslaved people (e.g., Nat Turner, Harriet Tubmanand the Underground Railroad, John Brown, Michigan's role in the Underground Railroad) and effects of their actions before and during the Civil War.
Chapter 15 Sect 4 The Nation Divides 493 - 497
John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
Chapter 13 Sect 3 The Slave System 424 - 429
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Chapter 14 Sect 4 The Movement to End Slavery 454 - 459
Harriet Tubman
Underground Railroad
8-U5.2.1 Explain the reasons (political, economic, and social) why Southern States seceded and explain the differents in the timing of secession in the Upper and Lower South.
8-U5.2.2 Make an argument to explain the reasons why the North won the Civil War by considering the critical events and battles in the war, political and military leadership of the North and South, respective advantages and disadvantages, including geographic, demographic, economic, and technogical.
Chapter 16 Sect 1 The War Begins 510 - 515
Fort Sumter
South's Reaction to Lincoln Draft
Border States
Northern Resources
Northern's Plan to Defeat South
Sothern Resources
Southern's Plan to Defeat North
Cotton Diplomacy
8-U5.2.5 Construct generalizations about the war affected combatants, civilians (including the role of women), the physical environment, and the future of warfare, including technological developments.
Chapter 16 Sect 2 The War in the East 516 - 521
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
First Battle of Bull Run
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
Battle of Antietam
Ironclads
Chapter 16 Sect 3 The War in the West 522 - 527
Ulysses S. Grant
Battle of Shiloh
David Farragut
Siege of Vicksburg
8-U5.2.3 Examine Abraham Lincoln's presidency with respect to his military and political leadership and the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation) and the role of his significant writings and speeches, including the Gettsyburg Address and its relationship to the Declaration of Independence.
8-U5.2.4 Describe the role of American Americans in the war, including black soldiers and regiments, and the increased resistance of enslaved peoples.
8-U5.2.5 Construct generalizations about the war affected combatants, civilians (including the role of women), the physical environment, and the future of warfare, including technological developments.
Chapter 16 Sect 4 Daily Life during the War 528 - 535
Emancipation Proclamation
Contraband
54th Massachusetts Infantry
Copperheads
Habeas Corpus
Clara Barton
8-U5.2.3 Examine Abraham Lincoln's presidency with respect to his military and political leadership and the evolution of his emancipation policy (including the Emancipation Proclamation) and the role of his significant writings and speeches, including the Gettsyburg Address and its relationship to the Declaration of Independence.
Chapter 16 Section 5 The Tide of War Turns 536 - 543
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Wilderness Campaign
William Tecumseh Sheman
Sherman's March to the Sea
Total War
Appomattox Courthouse
Target Goals Pre Civil War
SWBAT:
1. Explain how the Northwest Ordinance and creating the Constitution started the Civil War
2. Explain Southern society before the Civil War
3. Explain the Compromise of 1850 and it's effects on the Civil War
4. Explain the attitude of the 3 senators Henry Clay, John C.Calhoun, and Daniel Webster and their effects on the Civil War
5. Understand the Northwest Ordiniance, Missouri Compropromise, Wilmont Proviso, Compromise of 1850
6. Explain the Kansas - Nebraska Act with Popular Sovereignty and it's effect on the Civil War
7. Explain how the Dred Scott Decision impacted Slavery and it's effects on the Civil War
8. Explain the Nat Turner Rebellion and it's effects on the Civil War
9. Understand why John Brown took over Harper's a Ferry and it's effect on the Civil War
10. Understand the election of 1860 and it's effect on the Civil War
Civil War Target Goals
1. Understand the advantages and strategy that the North and South had before the Civil War Started
2. Understand the Battle of Antietam and Iron Clads
3. Understand the Battle of Shiloh and Siege of Vicksburg and people Gen US Grant and Admiral David Farragut
4. Understand the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation
5. Understand how African American soldiers were treated by whites during the Civil War
6. Explain why the Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War
7. Compare the Gettysburg Address to the Declaration of Independence
8. Understand total war and Sherman's March to the Sea with the impact of the 1864 Pres. Election
3rd Quarter Word Sort Review
Directions: With the words in the envelope, figure how the words are linked together. Tell a story using the words to the class. Your group will get 25 minutes to complete the task. Next, the groups will tell their story.
Page One
Northwest Ordinance
Two Parts
Compromise of 1820
Two Parts
Compromise of 1850
Five Parts
Wilmot Proviso
Created a system process for admitting new states
“there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude (forced labor) in the …. territory.”
Missouri Slave State and Maine Free State
36 Degree 30 inches latitude line
California to enter Union as a free state
The rest of the Mexican Cession would be Federal Land. In this territory, popular sovereignty would decide on slavery
Texas would give up land east of the upper Rio Grande. In return, the govt. would pay Texas’s debts from when it was an independent republic.
The slave trade – but not slavery – would end in the nation’s capital.
A more effective fugitive slave law would be passed.
Representative David Wilmot from Pennsylivania – a Northern State – Free State
Banned Slavery in the Mexican Cession
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
Abolitionists dislike compromises why?
Page Two
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
John C. Calhoun
State’s Rights
Preserve the Union
Sectionalism
South Carolina
Kentucky
Massachusetts
Compromiser
Compromise of 1820
Compromise of 1850
"I wish to speak today, not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American..... I speak today for the preservation of the Union. Hear me for my cause."
Page Three
Dred Scott v Sanford
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
African Americans, whether slave or free were not citizens under the United States
Dred Scott did not have the right to file suit in federal court
Missouri Compromise restriction on slavery north of the 36 degree 30 inch latitude to be unconstitutional
Slave are considered property
Kansas – Nebraska Act
Steven Douglas
Voting Illegally
Bleeding Kansas
Pottawatomie Massacre
John Brown
Popular Sovereignty
Railway starting in Chicago to the Pacific
Railway starting in New Orleans, Texas and New Mexico Territory, to southern California
Southern Senators
Page Four
Nate Turner’s Rebellion
John Brown
Harriet Tubman
$40,000.00 dollars
A vision from God - God told him to end slavery
August, 1831
60 white people dead in the community
100 innocent slaves were killed in an attempt to stop the rebellion
Southern State legislature passed stricter laws to control slaves
Pottawatomie Massacre
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
Colonel Robert E. Lee
Treason
Underground Railroad
Conductor
Tortured in Public
Fear
Page Five
page 495
Abraham Lincoln is elected in 1860
Lincoln’s Inaugural Address – “I have no purpose … to interfere with the institution of slavery …. where it exists.”
Republican
Jackson, Michigan
Popular vote
Electoral vote
Southern vote
40% of the Popular Vote
Majority Vote or 50.1%
Most Vote (does not get 50.1%)
John C. Breckenridge
John Bell
Stephen Douglas
Southern Democrat
Northern Democrat
Constitutional Union Party
180 Electoral College Votes
Sectionalism
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
Lower South
Page Six
The Civil War Begins at Fort Sumter
Major Robert Anderson
Lincoln decided to re – supply
April 12, 1861
Confederate troops demand that Federal troops evacuate
Confederate Victory
Why did the North (Lincoln) let the South attack first?
Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops (Choices)
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina
Upper South
Border States – slavery exists here
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
Why were the Border states important geographically to the Union?
State added to the Union in 1863.
West Virginia
Page Seven
Northern Civil War Advantages
Northern Population 22 million - Southern Population 5.5 million to draw from
Roads, Canals, Northern Railroads 22,000 miles to move soliders and supplies - Southern Railroad 9,000 miles
Telegraph - Communication Lines more
Civil War stimulated economic growth - production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool increased
Exports of corn, wheat, beef, and pork doubled to Europe
Supply Military items - factories - weapons, uniforms
Money – More developed economy, banking system, currency
Southern Civil War Advanatages
Strong Military Tradition – many brilliant officers
Southern Farmers provided food for armies
Geography of Land - Wilderness covered much of South, understood the land.
Rivers ran from east to west which formed a natural defense against an army that attacked from the north
to south
Page Eight
Northern War Strategy
General Winfield Scott
Naval Blockade of Southern Ports – to destroy their import / export economy (Cotton)
From Virginia to Texas
Southern blockade runners
6,000 to 800 per year
Gain control of the Mississippi River to split the south and cut communication
Capture Richmond Virginia, the Confederate capital
Southern War Strategy
It needed only to defend itself until the North grew tired of fighting
Use Cotton Diplomacy to gain foreign allies - felt European powers needed cotton for their textile mills
Capture Washington D.C.
Page Nine
Battle of Antietam
First Union Victory
Bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War and U.S. History
Stopped Lee’s Northward Advancement
The victory gave Lincoln the opportunity to release the Emancipation Proclamation at a point of strength.
Military Order
Large loss of Troops
Freed slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy or Rebelous States
September 22, 1862
January 1, 1863
Contraband
It held the European countries from coming into the Civil War on the Southern’s side. (European countries do not want to get into the Civil War becasue of the Slavery issue and they did not want to be on the losing side.)
Loss of slaves would hurt south economically - labor force on plantion.
Page Ten
The Fall of New Orleans
Where is the city of New Orleans located?
Largest city in Confederacy
Admiral David Farragut
Race past two forts
Up the Mississippi River
Siege of Vicksburg
Where is Vicksburg located?
General Grant
Siege
Food ran out
Ate horses, dogs, sheep and rats
Confederate soliders sick and hungry
Confederate General John C Pemberton
July 4th surrendered
Page Eleven
Battle of Gettysburg
Turning Point of the Civil War
Northern’s believed that the war could be won
Helped to end South’s search for foreign Allies
Great Britain and France refused to provide aid
South’s attempt at cotton diplomact failed
South could not overcome loss of life.
Compare the Gettysburg Address language to the Declaration of Independence language.
Page Twelve
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Union General William Tecumseh Sherman
Total War – destroying civil and economic resources. Took war to the southern people.
Atlanta - burned to the ground
1864 Presidential Election
Savannah, Georgia
Make Georgia Howl!
Page Thirteen
Appomattox Courthouse
Union Gen Grant
Confederate Gen. Lee
Unconditional Surrender
"I would rather die a thousand deaths."
Page Fourteen
54th Massachusetts Infantry - "Glory" the movie
Mostly Free African Americans
African Americans received $10.00 a month
Whites received $13.00 a month
African Americans dug ditches
Received shovels not guns
Not trained correctly
Given no uniforms or boots at the beginning
capable soliders
Page Fifeteen
New Technology
Iron clads
Union Monitor
Confederate Merrimack or Virginia
Revolution in Naval Warfare
Half - Submerged Crocodile
innovation
Revolving Gun Tower
"a tin can on a shingle!"
Hampton Roads
Thick Plating
After several hours of fighting
Page Sixteen
Writ of Habeaus Corpus – is a constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment
Copper Heads – were midwesterns that sympathized with the South and opposed abolition
Abe Lincoln
Threat to war effort
Suspended the right of habeas corpus
Rot in jail
Without evidence or trial
Shut UP!
would not
Page Eighteen
On farms (they) performed the daily chores usually done by men
Clara Barton
Organized the collection of medicine and suppliesfor delivery to the battlefield
formed the basis for the American Red Cross
Sally Louisa Tompkins
Small hospital in Richmond, VA
Women
Children
Factories
Cared for wounded soldiers