Review notes of Chapter 3 & 4
Foundations of a New Nation
}8th Grade American History
}The 1st colony to survive in North America was Jamestown starting on
April 26, 1607.
(page 72)
}There were 13 original English colonies that formed in North America. (Map page 89)
}
They are:
New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut,
Rhode Island, New Hampshire
Middle Colonies
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware -
Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia -
}Colonists were self governing for about 150 years. They made their own laws,established their own governments (like state government of today).
}The colonists were loyal British subjects. However, they were slowly becomingindependent.
}French & Indian War
}A major war during this time was the (French and Indian War North America) or (Seven Years War Europe)
}France and England were fighting over land in North America
}Both claim the same land
}French & Indian War (continued)
}The War ends in 1763 and costs England a lot of money.
}Parliament decides that the colonists should;
}1. pay for the standing army in colonies that protects them
}2. pay taxes to pay off the French and Indian War (war debt).
}Proclamation of 1763
}Proclamation of 1763 stated:
}1. Banned further colonial settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains.
}2. Ordered any colonial settlements in the upper Ohio River Valley to “remove themselves.
}Taxes/Acts
}Stamp Act: 100 page
}It required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal when ever colonists bought paper items such as newspapers, pamphlets (Common Sense), licenses, legal documents and playing cards
}Colonists Reaction to Stamp Act
}Everyone was angered by this tax. It was not a tax on a good, but a direct tax on the colonists for the purpose of raising money for Britain.
}Colonists organize and protest the tax.
}Male colonists from several of the colonies organized to form the secret society called the Sons of Liberty. 100 page
}Colonist Reaction Stamp Act
Additional Information
}This group’s goal was to frighten tax collectors with violence (Tar and Feather). Also, colonists boycotted the purchase of any products / items that were taxed.
}Stamp Act Repealed March 1766 – London merchants complained that their trade with the colonies suffered terribly
page 100
}Sugar Act of 1764
}Taxes or duties on molasses and sugar imported by colonists (triangular trade map page 93). Colonists made rum.
}First law passed by Parliament specifically for the purpose to raise money in the colonies
}Colonist Reaction Sugar Act
}Boycott sugar products
}TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
}Committees of Correspondence page 99
}Townshend Act of 1767 page 100
}Placed tax on imported glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. The purpose of this tax was to pay for military expenses and salaries of colonial governors
}Writs of Assistance page 100
}England issues…Special search warrants that allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods
}(Fourth Amendment - page 204)
}Daughters of Liberty
page 100
}Women’s group that used boycotts and other measures to support the colonies resistance to the British
}Tea Act 1773 page 102
}Tax on imported tea and allowed British East India Company to export directly to the colonies.
}Colonists used boycotts and propaganda and held the Boston Tea Party in protest to the tax.
}Intolerable Acts 1774 page 102
}1. Closed Boston Harbor
2. Canceled Massachusetts's charter as a colony
}3. Moved trials of colonial officials to Britain - Seventh Amendment page 205
}4. Allowed Quartering Act – Third Amendment page 205
}Additional Information
The Boston Massacre
page 101
}March 5, 1770 – Incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists killing
}African American sailor CrispusAttucks
}Sailor James Caldwell
}Irish immigrant Patrick Carr
}Rope maker Samuel Gray
}Apprentice Samuel Maverick
}Propaganda -
}First Continental Congress in
September 1774
}1. Delegates from all the colonies except Georgia came together.
}2. Determine how to respond to crisis in Massachusetts and abuses by British Authorities.
}3. Delegates compromised and decided to continue to boycott
}4. Sent King George III the Declaration of Resolves
}Declaration of Resolves (Rights)
page 112page continued…
}10 Resolutions…
}Spelled out what Congress considered to be the colonist’s rights, including the rights to “Life, Liberty, and Property.”
}King George III refused to consider the demands of the Declaration of Resolves (Rights)
}His reaction is to:
1.King George III ordered the British leaders to have troops seize colonists’ militia weapons.
2. Sent more troops(Redcoats) to the colonies
}April 1775
‘Shot Heard
Around the World’ (page 114)
}William Dawes and Paul Revere – The British are coming as they crossed the Charles River marching to Concord looking for stored muskets
}In Lexington, there was a stand off and a shot rang out.
}There were less than 100 colonist casualties and more than 250 British casualties
}Second Continental Congress met
May 1775, Philadelphia, PA
}1. Decided they did not want to break away from Britain
}2. Made plans to organize and fund a Continental Army
}3. Chose George Washington as the commander of the Army
}Olive Branch Petition
page 114
}One final time to restore peace
}Olive Branch, a traditional symbol of peace
}It took 30 days to cross the Atlantic to deliver the petition. (Additional Information)
}King rejects petition
}Fighting had become too fierce
}Thomas Paine writes
a pamphlet called Common Sense 118pg
}1. Argued for breaking away from Britain.
}2. Within three months, 120,000 copies sold
}3. Eventually, 500,000 copies sold
}4. Achieved popularity because of message and style (written in common language).
}Common Sense (continued)
}5. Paine wrote that the system of monarchy in Europe was unnatural and wrong.
}6. Countries should be ruled by the people (at this time this claim was quite radical).
}7. This publication became a turning point in changing many colonists’ attitudes toward Britain.
}Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776
}1. John Locke – philosopher in England, said that if the people determined that their ruler or form of govt. was corrupt, the people had the right to overthrow it, Enlightenment period)
}2. The best governments respected the “natural rights” of individuals
}
}3. “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”
}4. Thomas Jefferson – Main author
5. Defined what colonists believed were their rights and complaints against the king.
6. July 4th 1776- members of the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence - creating the United of America
Turning point in the Revolutionary War was the Battle of Yorktown.
British General Cornwallis surrenders.
Treaty of Paris - 1783
1. Give colonists land from the East Coast (13 colonies)
2. Also land to the Mississippi River and Florida border
3. Now we are officially recognized as U.S.A