Psychosis is a complex mental health condition that can profoundly impact the lives of teenagers and their families.

What Is Psychosis?

Psychosis is a mental health condition characterised by a disconnection from reality. Individuals experiencing psychosis may have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is not. Psychosis can involve hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thinking, and changes in behaviour.

Common Symptoms of Psychosis

Psychosis can manifest through a range of symptoms that significantly disrupt normal functioning. 

YoungMinds, a UK-based mental health charity, outlines several common symptoms:

• Hallucinations: Sensory experiences that are not based on reality, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there.

• Delusions: False beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. These may include paranoid beliefs, grandiosity, or beliefs of being controlled.

• Disorganised Thinking: Difficulty organising thoughts or speaking coherently, leading to disjointed or illogical speech.

• Changes in Behaviour: Erratic or unpredictable behaviour, social withdrawal, or difficulty maintaining personal hygiene.

Causes and Risk Factors

The development of psychosis can be influenced by various factors. 

The Mental Health Foundation highlights several risk factors:

• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of psychosis or other mental health conditions can increase the risk.

• Brain Chemistry and Functioning: Imbalances in neurotransmitters and abnormal brain functioning may contribute to the development of psychosis.

• Trauma or Stress: Traumatic experiences or significant stressors can trigger psychosis in vulnerable individuals.

• Substance Use: Drug or alcohol misuse, particularly substances like cannabis or stimualants, can increase the risk of psychosis.

Diagnosing and Treating Psychosis

Diagnosing and treating psychosis requires a comprehensive assessment by a mental health professional.

The NHS recommends several treatment options:

• Antipsychotic Medication: Medications such as antipsychotics are commonly used to manage symptoms of psychosis, particularly hallucinations and delusions.

• Taking Therapies: Therapies such as Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) can help individuals manage symptoms, challenge delusional beliefs, and develop coping strategies.

• Support Services: Access to community mental health teams, peer support groups, and early intervention services can provide ongoing support and monitoring.

Supporting a Teenager with Psychosis

Support from parents and caregivers is crucial for teenagers experiencing psychosis.

The NSPCC suggests:

• Education and Understanding: Educate yourself about psychosis to better understand what your teenager is experiencing and how you can support them. 

• Creating a Safe Environment: Create a safe and supportive home environment where your teenager feels comfortable expressing their feelings and experiences.

• Encouraging Treatment: Encourage your teenager to engage with mental health services and adhere to their treatment plan. Offer practical support in attending appointments and managing medications.

• Managing Stress: Minimise stressors in the home environment and encourage stress-reducing activities such as relaxation techniques or mindfulness.

When to Seek Emergency Help

If someone with psychosis experiences severe distress, engages in self-harming behaviours, or poses a risk to themselves or others, it is crucial to seek immediate help.

Contact emergency services or a crisis helpline.

The NHS provides resources for urgent mental health support, including helplines and emergency care.

Conclusion

Understanding and addressing psychosis is essential for the mental health and well-being of teenagers experiencing this condition. By recognising the symptoms, providing support, and encouraging professional help, parents can play a crucial role in helping their teenagers cope with psychosis.

For more information and support, visit NHS, YoungMinds, and NSPCC.