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How do we know a reaction is taking place?
How do we know a reaction is taking place?
A. Elephant's toothpaste:
A. Elephant's toothpaste:
Hydrogen Peroxide (concentrated)
Potassium Iodide
Soap (to capture the gas released)
B. Sulfuric Acid and Sugar:
B. Sulfuric Acid and Sugar:
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
Table Sugar (Sucrose)
C. Aluminum + Iodine:
C. Aluminum + Iodine:
Aluminum powder
Iodine ground
Water (catalyst)
2Al(s) + 3I2(s) → Al2I6(s)
Reasons to NOT do this in HS260
D. Hydrogen Gas Bubble:
D. Hydrogen Gas Bubble:
Soap bubble
Hydrogen Gas
Flame
E. Rusted Bolt and Acid:
E. Rusted Bolt and Acid:
Rusted Zinc Bolt
Hydrochloric Acid
F. Iodine Clock Reaction:
F. Iodine Clock Reaction:
Hydrogen Peroxide
Iodine
Sulfuric Acid
G. Iron and Copper Sulfate:
G. Iron and Copper Sulfate:
In your group of 3,
For your given reaction:
List all visual evidence that indicates a chemical reaction is taking place.
Using a google search, determine the reactants and products of reactions.
Describe any changes in state (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) that occurs during the reaction.
List any measurements you could make to quantify the changes during the reaction.
Choose one reactant, predict how doubling the initial mass of that reactant may or may not change the outcome of the reaction.
While many of the reactions happen very quickly (rate of reaction / reaction rate), predict how could change the rate of reaction
A2 - Jamboard
A4 - Jamboard
B7 - Jamboard
Phlogiston and the Beginnings of Chemistry
Phlogiston and the Beginnings of Chemistry
Baking Soda and Vinegar (CH3COOH) + NaHCO3 --> NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Baking Soda and Vinegar (CH3COOH) + NaHCO3 --> NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Questions you should be able to answer:
What evidence is there that a chemical reaction is taking place?The five conditions of chemical change: color change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odor change, temperature change.
What are the reactants and the products of the reaction??reactants: Vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda Products: CO2, Salt and Water
What measurements could be taken before the reaction occurs?Volume of acid, conc of acid, mass of baking soda, temperature, and more
What measurements could be taken after the reaction occurs?Same as above
What changes could be made to the set up to change the reaction rate? Answers will vary according to your curiosity and imagination.
Law of conservation of Mass
Law of conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that, during a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products must be equal to the total mass of the reactants.
law: Accurate and reproducible measurements of the masses of reacting elements and the compounds they form led to the formulation of several basic laws.
conservation of mass: States that during a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products must be equal to the total mass of the reactants.
reactant: A substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction.
product: The result of a chemical reaction.
How to write chemical equations…
How to write chemical equations…
Chemical equations are the way chemists describe chemical reactions.
It shows us the REACTANTS (starting materials) and the PRODUCTS of the reaction.
Reactants → Products
A WORD EQUATION will simply name the chemical reactants and products.
hydrogen gas + oxygen gas → water
A CHEMICAL EQUATION uses the chemical formulas instead of names. It often shows us the states of the substances in the reaction. A BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION also shows us how many molecules of each substance are involved in the reaction.
2 H2 (g) + 1 O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l)
Some special symbols:
Some special symbols:
To show the state of a chemical substance, place these symbols after the formula:
solids: (s) gases: (g) pure liquids: (l) aqueous solutions (solids dissolved in water): (aq)
Predict what the following symbols would be:
zinc metal: Zn(s)
a solution of sodium chloride: NaCl (aq)
oxygen: O2 (g)
water: H2O (l)
The Diatomics:
The Diatomics:
There are 7 elements that are always found as diatomics (a molecule with 2 atoms): hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
This is a list of the seven diatomic elements. The seven diatomic elements are:
Hydrogen (H2)
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Fluorine (F2)
Chlorine (Cl2)
Iodine (I2)
Bromine (Br2)
You will not need to memorize these.
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