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The Circulatory System - A model system
The Circulatory System - A model system
Key info to know:
4 Chambers of the heart.
Flow of blood from body to lungs back to the body
Role of the valves within the heart and veins
How do the structure of the veins and arteries differ.
How is the structure of the capillaries related to their function?
A plastinated model of the blood vessels of the human head.
The image above is from the exhibition Body Worlds. The model was created by injecting the body with a plastic that hardened within the blood vessels, a process called PLASTINATION.
Parts of the Heart
Parts of the Heart
Respiratory to Circulatory Connection - In the LUNGS
Respiratory to Circulatory Connection - In the LUNGS
Circulatory to Cells in Need of Nutrients - In the Capillary Beds (Nets)
Circulatory to Cells in Need of Nutrients - In the Capillary Beds (Nets)
The cells of your body need the oxygen, glucose and other nutrients delivered by your blood. The flow of materials from the capillaries to the cells is accomplished by diffusion.
The transfer is accomplished by increasing the total surface area. This results in a decrease in velocity of the blood and allows the nutrients to diffuse out of the capillaries.
Notice the changes in values of the three different graphs. There is not a scale on the y-axis due to the different values.
This GIF shows the flow of RBC through capillaries.
Varicose Veins - Valve Failure
Varicose Veins - Valve Failure
Blood types - ABO / Rh Factors
Blood types - ABO / Rh Factors
Heart Transplant Surgery
Heart Transplant Surgery
Additional Resources for you to Explore
In 1905 Drs. Guthrie and Carrel performed the first ever heart transplant at the University of Chicago. Not for any life-saving measure, simply because they wanted to see if it could even work. They removed the heart of a younger, smaller dog and placed it into the neck of an older, larger one. They were able to reattach all the necessary blood vessels allowing blood to flow through the heart, and demonstrated that heart transplantation could be done. It was a rousing success. The dog died two hours later. From there on, many canine experiments were done in many countries from Brazil to Russia, to identify the best way to preserve the heart, reattach blood vessels, and treat the patient after the surgery. This culminated in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa where Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the first ever human-to-human heart transplant. The recipient was a 54-year-old man with end-stage heart failure, while the donor was a 25-year-old woman who was killed by a drunk driver. The patient lived for 18 days.
Now that heart transplants have become relatively routine, the most pressing problem is how to solve for organ shortages. This has involved using organ from previously restricted populations, such as those infected with HIV. This article from NPR describes how the HOPE Act and HIV donors have reduced wait times and organ shortages. Or expanding the donation pool from unexpected deaths, as described here. Further, the use of genetically modified pig heart has been suggested as a way of minding the gap. See here from the University of Maryland.
Read this article and watch this video on left ventricular assist devices that describe left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), which could bridge time to a transplant or possibly replace transplantation altogether.
Model of the Circulatory System
Model of the Circulatory System
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