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IB Background Info
IB Background Info
Essential idea: One of the earliest uses for electricity was to produce light and heat. This technology continues to have a major impact on the lives of people around the world.
Nature of science:
Peer review: Although Ohm and Barlow published their findings on the nature of electric current around the same time, little credence was given to Ohm. Barlow’s incorrect law was not initially criticized or investigated further. This is a reflection of the nature of academia of the time with physics in Germany being largely non-mathematical and Barlow held in high respect in England. It indicates the need for the publication and peer review of research findings in recognized scientific journals. (4.4)
Understandings:
Circuit diagrams
Kirchhoff’s circuit laws
Heating effect of current and its consequences
Resistance expressed as
R = V/I
Ohm’s law
Resistivity
Power dissipation
Applications and skills:
Drawing and interpreting circuit diagrams
Identifying ohmic and non-ohmic conductors through a consideration of the V/I characteristic graph
Solving problems involving potential difference, current, charge, Kirchhoff’s circuit laws, power, resistance and resistivity
Investigating combinations of resistors in parallel and series circuits
Describing ideal and non-ideal ammeters and voltmeters
Describing practical uses of potential divider circuits, including the advantages of a potential divider over a series resistor in controlling a simple circuit
Investigating one or more of the factors that affect resistance experimentally
Guidance:
The filament lamp should be described as a non-ohmic device; a metal wire at a constant temperature is an ohmic device
The use of non-ideal voltmeters is confined to voltmeters with a constant but finite resistance
The use of non-ideal ammeters is confined to ammeters with a constant but non-zero resistance
Application of Kirchhoff’s circuit laws will be limited to circuits with a maximum number of two source-carrying loops
Data book reference:
International-mindedness:
A set of universal symbols is needed so that physicists in different cultures can readily communicate ideas in science and engineering
Theory of knowledge:
Sense perception in early electrical investigations was key to classifying the effect of various power sources; however, this is fraught with possible irreversible consequences for the scientists involved. Can we still ethically and safely use sense perception in science research?
Utilization:
Although there are nearly limitless ways that we use electrical circuits, heating and lighting are two of the most widespread
Sensitive devices can employ detectors capable of measuring small variations in potential difference and/or current, requiring carefully planned circuits and high precision components
Aims:
Aim 2: electrical theory and its approach to macro and micro effects characterizes much of the physical approach taken in the analysis of the universe
Aim 3: electrical techniques, both practical and theoretical, provide a relatively simple opportunity for students to develop a feeling for the arguments of physics
Aim 6: experiments could include (but are not limited to): use of a hot-wire ammeter as an historically important device; comparison of resistivity of a variety of conductors such as a wire at constant temperature, a filament lamp, or a graphite pencil; determination of thickness of a pencil mark on paper; investigation of ohmic and non-ohmic conductor characteristics; using a resistive wire wound and taped around the reservoir of a thermometer to relate wire resistance to current in the wire and temperature of wire
Aim 7: there are many software and online options for constructing simple and complex circuits quickly to investigate the effect of using different components within a circuit
Key Concepts Visualized
Key Concepts Visualized
Resources:
Resources:
In-Class Activities
In-Class Activities
Light the bulb challenge
Using a wire, battery, and lightbulb, create light.
Circuit Concept Inventory - Determine your initial ideas about how circuits work.
PhET Circuit Simulator - Using the simulator, determine the correct answers to your CCI
Ohm's Law Data Collection (DRAC)
Series, Parallel, Combo Circuit Creation / Problem Solving (VIRP Tables)
Potential Dividers: Experimentation and Theory
Kirchhoff's Laws
Concept Checks:
Concept Checks:
May be repeated until you achieve 80%. Short answer or problems may need to be self-checked.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Ohm's Law Practice Probs - Basic Problems using V=IR Solutions
Circuits TSPs - Sequential problems using VIRP tables.
Energy in a Circuit - IB Problem involving circuits and energy (kinda like the title) - Solutions
Ohm's Law Problems - Multiple choice problems from Khan Academy. - AutoGraded
Kirchhoff's Laws Problems - Solutions We will begin this in class. -
Notes:
Notes:
2016_Topic_5_Notes_5.2.pdfAdditional Resources:
Additional Resources:
Important Vocabulary - Quizlet of Topic 5 Vocab
Conservation of Charge
Video Lectures - Passionately Curious
Video Lectures - Andy's Physics Stuff
Khan Academy -Electric current, resistivity, and Ohm's law
EE Circuit Analysis - Much of this goes beyond the scope of HL/SL Physics but it provides a very detailed description of circuit components and theory.
Notes in Slide Format:
Extensive Notes (ppt)
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