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Describing a scattering experiment including location of minimum intensity for the diffracted particles based on their de Broglie wavelength
Explaining deviations from Rutherford scattering in high energy experiments
Nuclear Volume and Density
Nuclear Volume and Density
In Rutherford's (Geiger-Marsdan) suppose some of the alpha particles were deflected 'straight' back to the source. As the kinetic energy of the alpha particles increased they would be able to approach the nucleus of the gold atom before being repelled by the strong nuclear force. Using this relationship, the radius of the alpha nucleus can be inferred. This relationship could be shown as follows:
Using information from the data booklet determine the minimum radius the alpha particle could be used to infer the raduis of a nucleus.
The Fermi Radius:
The Fermi Radius:
What is the density of nuclear matter?
2. The radioactive isotope of Plutonium contains 238 nucleons. 238Pu is a manufactured nuclide that is used as a power source on some space probes. Find the radius of a 238Pu nucleus.
3. Copper has an atomic mass of 64, as shown to the left.
a. Determine the volume of a single copper nucleus.
b. Determine the density of a single copper nucleus
4. The nucleus of the isotope hydrogen-2 has a radius R and a density. What are the approximate radius and density of a nucleus of oxygen-16?
How are nuclei held together?
How are nuclei held together?
Use the data for protons in the IB Physics data booklet to calculate the Coulomb repulsion force and gravitational attraction between two protons a distance 10^(−15) m apart, which is about the size of a helium nucleus which contains two protons.
Problem:
Problem:
Protons are positive, and repel. What holds the nucleus together?
Enter stage left: The Strong Force.
It never seems to occur to students up until this point — what holds those repelling protons together? – Turns out there’s a sub-atomic “glue” that only works over tiny ranges holding it all together. (Why/How? — might as well ask why anything, at some point we have to deal with the fact that the universe is beautiful, amazing, and weird)
We call this glue “the strong force” and the interplay between the strong and the electromagnetic force is critical to the stability of atoms…
Nuclear Energy Levels
Nuclear Energy Levels
In the same way electrons can move between discrete energy levels, the nucleus of an atom can too.
Atoms that decay through gamma decay emit distinct frequencies of gamma rays which correspond to distinct energy levels.
From the diagram, determine the five wavelengths of photons that would be emitted during the decay of a Nickel -60 isotope.
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