Collins Physics and More

LS1.1c - Mutations

LS1-1 Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

Central Dogma of Biology DNA->RNA->Protein
- Form Dictates Function
- From Simple Instructions, complexity can arise
- Minor changes can have major impacts
- If something breaks, we know what it does.

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COVID Variants

hopkinsmedicine.org-COVID Variants What You Should Know.pdf

Milk Proteins - Need for Concern?

Article 1: Intro to Topic

Dr Karl: A1 vs A2 milk — is it worth paying a bit more for A2?The claims about A2 milk's benefits, compared to A1 milk, have changed over the years. So, is it worth paying more for A2?

Article 2: Differences btwn A1 and A2 milk

Milk Distress? - Food and Health CommunicationsLactose, the type of carbohydrate found in milk, is not well digested in approximately 15% of people of northern European descent, up to 80% of blacks and Latinos, and up to 100% of American Indians and Asians; causing gas, bloating, and diarrhea. Yet perhaps there’s more to not tolerating milk than lactose. In recent years,

Article 3: A1 and A2 milk comparision on molecular level. (min level of discussion)

Milk Casein Proteins: Ancient, Diverse, and Essential - International Milk Genomics ConsortiumGrab your nearest carton of milk. Find the nutrition label. Under total fat, you’ll likely find information about how much of that fat is saturated, unsaturated, and even trans fatty acids. Under carbohydrates, you’ll learn how much fiber and sugar your milk contains. But there is just one row of information when it comes to protein, giving the false impression that milk protein is not nearly as complex as milk fat or sugar. However, cow milk is made up of two different types of proteins, whey and casein, the majority of which is are caseins. There are four different subtypes of casein proteins, and for each of the four subtypes, there are dozens of different genetic variants. How’s that for complex?

Article 4: Casein v. Whey protein discussion (Great for extending discussion of effects of mutations on protein function.)

Casein Protein - Casein vs Whey - Health Benefits & Casein AllergyLearn about casein protein. What is the difference between casein protein vs whey protein.Casein benefits and allergy. Differentiate between A1 and A2 milk

Casein Micelle - Clumps of casein protein molecules

Histidine v. Proline Amino Acid Structure

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