PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter
PS2.B: Types of Interactions
Developing and Using Models
Modeling in 9–12 builds on K–8 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s).
Patterns
Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.
Atoms
Nucleus
Protons (positively-charged)
Neutrons (neutrally-charged)
Electrons (negatively-charged)
Valence electrons
Periodic table
Elements
Elemental properties
reactivity of metals, metaloids and non-metals
types of bonds formed, (Dec Summative)
number of bonds formed, (Dec Summative)
reactions with oxygen (Dec Summative)
Reactivity
Patterns
We will be placing a variety of metals into water.
The metals we will look at:
Al - Aluminum
Mg - Magnesium
Ca - Calcium
Li - Lithium
K - Potassium
Na - Sodium
List what you know about each of the metals.
Describe the reactions when the metal is placed in the water.
Appearance of the Metal: Note the color, luster, hardness, and any changes in the metal's surface during the reaction.
Reaction Rate: Observe how quickly the metal reacts with water.
Reactivity Scale:
No noticeable reaction or extremely slow reaction
Slow reaction, minimal gas production, more noticeable in hot water
Moderate reaction, noticeable gas production, slight temperature increase
Vigorous reaction, significant gas production, noticeable heat
Very vigorous reaction, substantial gas production, significant heat
Gas Evolution: Look for the production of bubbles or gas (typically hydrogen gas).
Gas Evolution Scale:
No noticeable gas evolution
Very slow gas evolution, minimal bubbles, more noticeable with increased temperature
Moderate gas evolution, steady stream of bubbles
Vigorous gas evolution, rapid bubble formation
Very vigorous gas evolution, intense and rapid bubble formation
Solution Appearance: Notice any changes in the color or clarity of the water after the reaction.
Sound: Listen for any fizzing or popping sounds during the reaction.
Solid Residue: Look for any precipitate or residue formed after the reaction.
Rank the various reactions with water from LEAST vigorous to MOST vigorous.
Propose some reasons why we are not allowed to experiment with Cesium in MHS100.
Potassium (K) in Water
Lithium (Li) in Water
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg) in Water
15 min in 15 sec
CK12 - Alkali Metals - Video
CK12 - Alkali Metals - Article
CK12 - Alkaline Earth Metals
Column 1 - Alkali Metals
Column 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals