Theory 

1. Gray code (also called reflected binary code) is a binary numeral system where two successive numbers differ in only one bit.

2. This minimizes errors in digital systems, especially in mechanical encoders and error correction

Conversion Rule (Binary → Gray)

1. MSB Rule: The most significant bit (MSB) of the Gray code is the same as the MSB of the binary number.
   Gn=Bn
   where Bn= MSB of Binary, Gn​ = MSB of Gray

2. Other Bits Rule: Each next Gray code bit is obtained by XOR of the current binary bit with the previous binary bit.
   
   Gi​=Bi+1​⊕Bi​