The background to 4.2 is everything that happened in Units 1, 2, & 3. The key exception: It’s Europe’s turn to join the Networks of Exchange. Using all of those cross-cultural transfers from one region to another, the Europeans had accumulated the know-how, experience, and technology to make these long distance overseas voyages a reality. The College Board calls this “Causes and Events” but don’t list any specific ones… So, focus on the European Maritime Empires and how and why they went where they did.
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Objective:
B. Describe the role of states in the expansion of maritime exploration from 1450 to 1750.
C. Explain the economic causes and effects of maritime exploration by the various European states.
Themes:
B. GOV (Governance)
C. ECN (Economics Systems)
Skills:
F. GOV
Describe the role of states in the expansion of maritime exploration from 1450 to 1750.
Historical Development
New state-supported transoceanic maritime exploration occurred in this period
G. ECN
Explain the economic causes and effects of maritime exploration by the various European states.
Historical Development
Portuguese development of maritime technology & navigational skills led to increased travel to and trade with Africa and Asia and resulted in the construction of a global trading-post empire. Also, the Spanish sponsorship of the voyages of Columbus and subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific dramatically increased European interest in transoceanic travel & trade Northern Atlantic crossings were undertaken under English, French, and Dutch sponsorship, often with the goal of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.
PEOPLE TO KNOW:
Bartolomeu Dias
(First European explorer to sail around the tip of Africa, proving the Atlantic Ocean connects to the Indian Ocean)
Jacques Cartier
(French explorer credited with naming Canada)
Hernán Cortés
(Spanish conquistador responsible for conquering the Aztec Empire)
Ferdinand Magellan
(Led the first circumnavigation of the world, and is considered the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean)
Afonso de Albuquerque
(Portuguese soldier, conqueror of Goa (1510) in India and of Melaka (1511))
Francisco Pizarro
(Francisco Pizarro contributed to the Spanish empire gaining control over South America by conquering the great Inca Empire)
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