Learning Objective:
N. Explain the similarities and differences in the processes of state formation from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
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REVIEW UNIT 1 KEY CONCEPTS:
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions.
1.1 Developments in East Asia 1200-1540:
Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule.
1.2 Developments in Dar al-Islam 1200-1450:
As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples; specifically the Seljuks, Mamluks, Delhi Sultanate. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity.
Developments in South & Southeast Asia 1200-1450:
State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia.
1.4 Developments in the Americas 1200-1450:
In the Americas, as in Afro-Eurasia, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach. Examples include the Aztecs of Mesoamerica.
1.5 State Building in AfricaIn Africa, as in Eurasia and the Americas, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity and expanded in scope and reach. This includes the Mali in West Africa and the several East African trading empires.
1.6 Developments in Europe
Because Europe was politically fragmented and characterized by a decentralized set of monarchies which used a very strict feudal social system, where all social classes existed on manors. In addition, Europe was largely an agricultural society and was dependent on free and coerced labor, including serfdom. Although Judaism and Islam played a role in shaping Europe, it was Christianity that became dominant.
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