the 43-Foot Wall

Widbey Loops

Route 2

43-Foot Wall on Columbia Highway, Clatsop County (also Bowlby 1915 Fig. 1)
First Annual Report of the Highway Engineer for the Period Ending November 30, 1914, Page 79https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl%3A947717/datastream/OBJ/view

It was impossible to get a solid rock foundation for the large wall on the first loop, which is 43 feet high. Daily level readings were therefore taken around the outside of the base and the top of this wall as fast as it was completed, in order to determine any settlement that might take place. The greatest settlement ranged from 1/, to 1 inch at the highest part of the wall. Unfortunately, about 10 yards of rock which came off the face of the adjacent cut, were put in the wall about 10 feet above the base, where the wall was about 40 feet in height. This face rock was too brittle to stand up under the weight superimposed, and upon crushing, a weakness developed in the wall for a lateral distance of about 20 lineal feet. This portion of the wall is now being removed and will be rebuilt from a good quality of stone which is now opened up in abundance in the excavation above. In the meantime, the balance of the excavation on this section, which consists principally of rock, will be completed, and the entire section ready for traffic. February 1, 1915.


First Annual Report of the Highway Engineer for the Period Ending November 30, 1914, Page 83https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl%3A947717/datastream/OBJ/view

Henry L. Bowlby, "The Columbia Highway in Oregon" (1915)

On this section is found one of the most pleasing features of the highway. At an elevation of 750 ft . above the river, on Bugbee Mountain , the road bursts out of the dense forest of Oregon fir , and descends on a 5 % grade along the face of the cliff. The view from the summit, covering a distance of 40 miles or more in all directions must be witnessed to be appreciated.

The road descends 600 ft, on the maximum grade. The development includes four complete “hairpin” curves , one below the other. The roadbed at the end of one of these curves is held by a dry rubble masonry retaining-wall, 43 ft . high, built on the circumference of a circle of a radius of 112 ft., and a central angle of 210 ° ( Figs. 1 and 2 ).


Bowlby, Henry L. "The Columbia Highway in Oregon" Engineering News: A Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction. Vol. LXXIII January 1 to June 30, 1915. Hill Publishing Company. 62 - 64. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Engineering_News/lOcRAQAAMAAJ Accessed: November 4, 2022
Fig. 2. Columbia Highway in Oregon; A 43-Ft. Dry Masonry Retaining Wall on Loop on Bugbee Mountain
Bowlby, "The Columbia Highway in Oregon" 62.

Ewing Galloway, "Oregon's Highway of Unsurpassed Beauty" (1915)

On Bugbee Mountain... the highway runs out of a forest of firs to descend 650 feet on a 5 per cent grade along the face of a cliff. The descent includes four complete hair pin curves; and the end of one of these is supported by a dry rubble masonry wall forty-three feet high.


Galloway, Ewing. "Oregon's Highway of Unsurpassed Beauty" American Motorist. Vol. 7, No. 4. American Automobile Association: April 1, 1915. 219. https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Motorist/5pdLAQAAMAAJ Accessed: November 5, 2022

"Page 83 [of the 1st Annual Report] specifically mentions that the 43 foot wall was on the first loop. I can't say for certain which way they were counting their loops from, but the top loop seems to make more sense than the bottom loop. In addition, it really looks like there's a road below the wall. That would mean the big wall is at the top loop, the one we also refer to as Loop 1."


Posted by Steve Hart, October 2, 2022Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway,
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10160331704997662&set=p.10160331704997662&type=3
Accessed: November 4, 2022

"In this LIDAR view, flat is dark and steep is white. There's a lot of super steep on the downhill side of Loop 1, leading nearly down to the modern highway. There's very little steep terrain near Loop 4. Another point in favor of loop 1."


Posted by Steve Hart, October 2, 2022Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway,
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10160331704997662&set=p.10160331704997662&type=3
Accessed: November 4, 2022
"The problem with a Loop 1 location is that in every photo I've ever seen of that area, it's a grassy slope with no wall."
Comment by Steve Hart, October 2, 2022Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10228408440665397&set=gm.1210307723092747&idorvanity=483015922488601

Photo by PrentissPosted by Clatsop County Historical Society, August 16, 2020https://www.facebook.com/astoriamuseums/photos/a.481058305259438/3547882295243675

Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway

Kirk J. Poole, September 7, 2020:

I'm still trying to determine where the '43 feet wall' is. It's either at the cliff on Loop 2, or it's the edge of Loop 1 looking down upon the new road.


https://www.facebook.com/groups/483015922488601/posts/780790479377809 Accessed: November 4, 2022

Kirk J. Poole, March 21, 2021:

That 43' wall has to be in 1 of 2 places that it could fit. It's on the east side of Loop 1 (Portland general direction side), or the outer side of Loop 2 (Facing Puget Island). Both places would be super overgrown.

Ken Hellweg, March 22, 2021:

I have a bunch of pictures of the eastern loop 1. If it’s there, it’s buried under 60 plus years of leaves, branches, moss, etc.


https://www.facebook.com/groups/483015922488601/posts/927522168037972 Accessed: November 8, 2022
Hillside Below Loop One
Photo by Ken HellwegPosted to Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway on March 22, 2021https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=5491233170888654&set=p.5491233170888654&type=3
Hillside Below Loop One
Photo by Ken HellwegPosted to Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway on March 22, 2021https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=5491234050888566&set=p.5491234050888566&type=3
Posted by Mark Foster to Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway on March 22, 2021https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10220889679574304&set=p.10220889679574304&type=3
"Interesting what different levels of magnification brings out in the Google terrain view."
Posted by Mark Foster to Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway on March 22, 2021https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10220889691454601&set=p.10220889691454601&type=3
"Yellow is where we believe the wall may have been."
Posted by Ken Hellweg to Past and Present Views Along the Columbia River Highway on March 22, 2021https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=5492912907387347&set=p.5492912907387347&type=3

Links

Henry L. Bowlby, "The Columbia Highway in Oregon" (1915)

Engineering News: A Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction. Vol. LXXIII. January 1 to June 30, 1915. Hill Publishing Company. 62 - 64.
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Engineering_News/lOcRAQAAMAAJ

Ewing Galloway, "Oregon's Highway of Unsurpassed Beauty" (1915)

American Motorist. Vol. 7, No. 4. American Automobile Association: April 1, 1915. 219. https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Motorist/5pdLAQAAMAAJ

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