When Rasulullah came to Madinah, he signed a treaty (agreement) with the Jews to live in peace and harmony and help each other against anyone who wanted to attack Madinah.
The Jews broke the treaty and conspired (made plans) with the Quraish of Makkah, the Munafiqs and other enemies of Islam to bring to an end the mission of Rasulullah.
Rasulullah ordered the Banu Qainuqah out of Madinah and they went and settled in Syria.
Then the Banu Nadhir were ordered to leave Madinah. They refused to make a new agreement and they attempted to assassinate Rasulullah. Some of the Banu Nadir clan settled in Khaibar while others went and settled in Syria.
All this happened in the 4th year of Hijrat. In the year 5 Hijri the Banu Quraizah joined the kuffar against the Muslims in the Battle of Ahzab.
After a siege (blockade) of one month they (Banu Quraizah) gave up and requested that Hazrat Sa'ad bin Mu'az be asked to decide what should be done with them.
In passing judgment Hazrat Sa'ad bin Mu'az ordered that the able bodies and active fighters be put to death, the women and children to be treated as prisoners of war and their goods and property to be handed over as spoils of war to be distributed among the poor Muslim workers.
This decision was compatible with the commands of the Taurah (The Book of the Jews).
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