Islamic Months

Monthly calendars play a vital role in scheduling of time and important events in our lives.

Calendars are based on the Shifting of the Moon and contain approximately 30 Days in each month because of the Moon's shape and movements.

The Islamic concept of timetable is as the Almighty Lord says in the Holy Quran -

“It is He (Allah) who made the Sun a shining light and the Moon a derived light and determined for it phases – that you may know the Number of Years and account [of time]. Allah has not created this except in Truth. He details the signs for a people who know.”

[Quran-10:5]

“Indeed, the Number of Months with Allah is 12 [Lunar] Months in the register of Allah [from] the Day He created the Heavens and the Earth; of these, 4 are Sacred. That is the Correct Religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them.”

[Quran-9:36]

LIST OF 12 ISLAMIC MONTHS

1. Muharram

2. Safar

3. Rabi-ul-Awwal

4. Rabi-al-Thani

5. Jamada-al-Awwal

6. Jamada-al-Thani

7. Rajab

8. Shaban

9. Ramadan

10. Shawwal

11. Zul-Qaadah

12. Zul-Hijjah

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MUHARRAM

It is the very first month in Islamic time calendar. The literal meaning of Muharram is Forbidden.

It has always been well thought-out as a Holy period in which Arabs used to avoid fighting with each other.

It consists of a particular date, i.e. 10th on which many historical happenings occurs including paving way between the Red Sea for Bani Israel by Allah Almighty and destruction of Firaon (Pharaoh), which is why the Messenger (Peace & Blessings of Allah upon Him) of God started fasting and directed other Muslims to do so and showed Jews that Musa (A.S) is dearer to us Muslims than others.

The Prophet used to fast in this month, and is reported to have said:

The best of Fasts besides the month of Ramadan is the fasting of month of Muharram.

Besides fasting on this day, it also landmarks the greatest Sacrifice by the Grandson of Rasulullah, Hazrat Hussain (R.A) for sake of uplifting the Religion of Peace against unjust leader, Yazid.

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*2. SAFAR*

Second month of the Islamic calendar.

*Meaning* - This word means "whistling of the wind". When this name was assigned to this month, it was probably a windy time of the year. Most of the months were named according to weather conditions at the time. However, since they are based on the moon, the months shift about *11 days* every year. So, the seasons do not necessarily correspond to the name of the month anymore.

*Misconception* - This time of the year was considered to be cursed as many catastrophes and calamities took place. However this belief has been *proven to be false* and totally absurd.

This can also be confirmed by the following hadeeth -

Hadrat Jabir (R.A) has said that, "I have heard the Prophet (Peace & Blessings of Allah upon Him) saying, *the descending of illness and evil superstition befalling in the month of Safar is untrue*."

*Events*:

1 - The ```Battle of Abwaa``` took place on 12th of Safar in the year 2 A.H.

2 - The ```Battle of Khaibar``` took place in the year 7 A.H.

3 - Hadrat Ali (R.A) ```married Prophet's daughter``` Hadrat Fatima (R.A) in the latter days of Safar 2 A.H.

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*3. RABI-UL-AWWAL*

Third month of the Islamic calendar

*Meaning* - First month of spring. It seems it was spring time when the name was given.

*Events* -

1. The *Prophet was born* in this month as mercy for all and departed from this world 63 years later.

2. The Prophet *migrated* from Makkah to Madinah Munawwarah.

3. Battle of Buwaat took place in the year 2 A.H.

4. Battle of Saf'vaan took place in the year 2 A.H.

6. Ruqayyah (R.A) the daughter of the beloved Prophet was born 7 years before Prophecy.

7. Abu Bakr (R.A) was appointed *Caliph*.

8. Hadrat Umme Kulthum was married in this month to the third Caliph; Uthman (R.A) in 3 A.H.

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4. RABI-AL-THANI

Fourth month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - The second month of spring.

Events -

1. Battle of Furu from Buhraan took place in 3 A.H

2. Sariyyah-Battle in which the Holy Prophet did not take part in, instead he consigned one of his Companions as the colonel.

The consigned: Sariyyah Ali Ibn Abi Talib in the 9th Hijri.

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5. JAMADA-AL-AWWAL

Fifth month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - Jamada means dry and this is the first time of summer in the Islamic calendar.

Events -

1. The battle of "Mutah" took place on this month in 8 A.H.

2. It was also on this month that Prophet Mohammed (SAW) married Khadija (May Allah be pleased with her) 15 years before his prophet hood.

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6. JAMADA-AL-THANI

Sixth month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - Second month of summer.

Events -

1. Battle of Salaasil took place in 8 A.H.

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7. RAJAB

Seventh month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - From Rajaba "to respect".

Another one of the sacred months in which fighting was forbidden prior to Islam. This was one of the most respected months for the Arabs. It is also called Rajab al Fard. Fard means alone; because the other three sacred months come one after another, except this month. It comes alone not like the other 3 consecutive sacred months.

Events -

1. The Holy Prophet ascended to Heaven on the 27th of Rajab on either Sunday or Monday (Meraj).

2. Hadhrat Bilal Ibn Haritha (R.A) brought a congregation of four hundred men named Banu Muzeena in the presence of the Holy Prophet. They all embraced Islam and became followers of the Holy Prophet in the year 5 A.H

3. The battle of Tabook took place in the year 9 A.H. This was the last battle in which the Holy Prophet participated.

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8. SHABAN

Eight month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - Consecutively escalating. (Undisturbed increase). Derived from the word "shu'ba", which means branch. The Arabs used to branch out during this month to look for water.

Blessings

With the Beginning of Shaban blessings are initiated which progressively escalate so that by mid-Shaban the blessings have reached a considerable amount and finally such blessings reached a considerable amount and finally such blessings reach their peak by the end of Ramadan.

For example just as a farmer prepares for a fruitful harvest by harrowing his acreage so that the soil may readily retain water, in contrast our souls are geared by the presence of such blessings in Shaban effectively preparing us for a fruitful and completely advantageous Ramadan.

Our Holy Prophet has said, "Shaban is my month and Ramadan the month of Allah Ta'aalaa."

Events

1. "Laila-tul Baraa'at (Night of forgiveness) the fifteenth night of Shaban.

2. "Qibla -", the direction to be adopted within salaah, was reverted back to the "Ka'aba" in Makkah (after being coverted to Baitul Muqaddas in Jerusalem for a short period of time). This took place two years after Hijraah on the 15th of Shaban.

3. Fasting in the blessed month of Ramadan was made compulsory in the year 2 A.H. on the 25th of Shaban.

4. The battle of Banu Mustaliq took place in Shaban.

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9. RAMADAN

Ninth month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - Derived from "RAMADA", literally means "intense heat". The possible reasons for this meaning:

1. When the Islamic months were enforced the month of fasting coincided with the summer months of intense heat.

2. The second reason which has been mentioned is that due to fasting the temperature within the stomach increases, again the element of heat is a factor behind the actual naming of RAMADAN.

3. It has also been said that "RAMADHA" is one of the names of Allah Ta'ala. If that is the case then the month has acquired the name due to the fact that Allah Ta'ala burns away accumulated sins and eliminates then from the list of unlawful deeds. Once again the burning sins cannonades "HEAT".

Blessings

Hadrat Salmaan (R.A) reports that on the last day of Shabaan the Messenger of Allah Ta'ala addressed them and said, "Oh people, there comes before you now a great month, a most blessed month in which lies a night more greater in virtue than 1,000 months; (LAYLATUL-QADR). It is a month in which each day should be observed by fasting, this has been made obligatory by the Almighty Allah."

Events

1. Hadrat Hasan (R.A.), Holy Prophet grandson was born on 15th of Ramadan, 3 years after Hijrah.

2. Quran was revealed on one of the odd last 10 nights of Ramadan from the "Lauhe Mahfooz" (on 7th heaven) to 1st heaven.

3. The first Battle in the Islamic History, "BATTLE OF BADR" took place on the 12th of Ramadan in year 2 A.H.

4. Victory of Makkah took place on 18th of Ramadan in the year 8 A.H.

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10. SHAWWAL

Tenth month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - Its name gets originated from the Arabic word "Tashawwala", referring to scarcity of milk in female camels and this time was associated by the ancient Arabs as a bad time of the year. But Allah (SWT) removed all these superstitions by awarding Muslims with the gift of Eid ul Fitr after month long fasting period of Ramadan.

Blessings

The first day of Shawwal is Eid-Ul-Fitr, the day of festival and when all sins are forgiven as a reward for fasting and prayers in the month of Ramadan.

Its Sunnah (Tradition of Holy Prophet) to fast for 6 days in Shawwal, as narrated in the following Hadith by Abu Ayyub Ansari (R.A) that the Holy Prophet has said, "If one throughout his life keeps the fasts of Ramadan and keeps 6 consecutive fasts in Shawwal it will be as though he has kept a whole life time of fasts, and if one fast for 6 consecutive days in Shawwal it will be as though he has fasted all year round."

Events

1. Hadhrat Aisha Siddiqah (R.A.) was married to Holy Prophet in Shawwal, 10 years after Prophethood which is 3 years before Hijrat.

2. The fight between Banu Qaynaqaa took place between the battle of Badr and Uhud, Shawwal 2 A.H.

3. The battle of Uhud also took place in Shawwaal, 3 years after Hijrat.

4. Hadrat Hussain (R.A) Holy Prophet's grandson (son of Hadhrat Fatima R.A.) was born in the month of Shawwaal 4 years after Hijrat.

5. Imam Bukhari (R.A.) was born on a Friday of Shawwaal in the year 194 A.H.

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11. ZUL-QAADAH

Eleventh month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - Taken from the word "qa'ada" which means to sit. This is the third sacred month in which fighting was forbidden. The people also used to stop their business activities during this month and sit and prepare for the Hajj (Pilgrimage).

Events

1. The battle of khandaq (trench) or Ahzab took place in the year 5 A.H.

2. In the year 6 A.H. - Truce of Hudaubiyah.

3. In the year 6 A.H Bayat-e-Rizwaan (The oath of allegiance named Rizwaan).

4. The return to Makkah for Umrah by Holy Prophet and his Companions in the year 7 A.H.

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12. ZUL-HIJJAH

Twelfth and last month of the Islamic Calendar.

Meaning - The month of "Hajj" (Pilgrimage). This is the last sacred month in which fighting was forbidden.

Blessings

The fifth pillar of Islam "Hajj" is performed in this sacred month. The first 10 days of Zul-Hijjah are the most virtuous days in this whole month, Hajj is performed amongst these 10 days.

Hadhrat Abu Haraira (R.A) reports from the Holy Prophet : "Amongst all days there are none better to engage in worship of Allah than in the 10 days of Zul-Hijjah, To observe a fast on any of these days is equivalent to fasting throughout the year, to actively engage in prayer and worship throughout any of these nights holds such rewarding values leveling with "night of power" (Laylatul-Qadr) - "Tirmizi"

It has been stated in the Holy Quran, "By the dawn; By the 10 nights (ie. the first 10 days of the month of Zul-Hijjah), and by the even and the odd (of all the creations of Allah) and by night when it departs. There is indeed in them (the above oaths) sufficient proofs for men of understanding. (and that they should avoid all kinds of sins and disbelief)"

Hadhrat Abu Qataadah (R.A) reports in a part narration from the Holy Prophet concerning the fast observed on the day of Arafaat : "I have full confidence in Allah for the one who observes a fast on the day of Arafaat that his previous year's sins and the proceeding year's sins are forgiven." - "Muslim"

Events

1. The Prophet performed the farewell Hajj and gave the historic sermon known as the "Farewell Sermon"

2. Egypt was conquered by the army sent by Hadhart Umar (R.A.)

3. Uthmaan (R.A.) was appointed the third Caliph

4. "Bayate-Aqabah"

5. Hadhrat Umar (R.A.) met martydom - 27th of Zul-Hijjah in the year 26 A.H.

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