Sp2 FINAL EX REVIEW

Understanding final exam: scores needed

Study strategy for GRAMMAR FOR FINAL

1. Print out the GRAMMAR CONCEPTS REVIEW SHEET. Read every one. Think about what you learned and if remember it well.

2. Highlight the concepts you already feel that you have mastered.

3. Circle chunks that you will study one at a time. For example: a tense with regular verbs versus irregular verb, orthographical spelling changes (aka -car/-gar/-zar), Reasons when to use one verb vs other that mean the same thing in English like the verbs to be or to know. Chunk to make manageable sections.

4. WRITE on small pieces of paper (flash cards) OR (FOLDED NOTES) fold paper in half or more to write a column of concept under one lesson like regular, irregular, stem-change, orthographical spelling changes, Rules on when to use that tense. (writing is a study strategy)

Review the cards daily and separate after you learned them. highlight the learned words from the original list.

5. Review all YOUR Grammar NOTES that you have taken for each concept. RE-WRITE the notes summary and reflection.

6. Play digital online SPANISH games available for your individual Grammar concept. I recommend Quizlet.com, Conjuguemos.com, Quia.com, and to research online for any new websites, online Spanish grammar handbooks, and articles.

7. Pre-Test yourself before test day using recommended sites like National Spanish Exam Final Exam Practice, or on paper strategies, ask a family members or classmates to verbally ask you to explain each individual concept (an vice versa) to make sure you are ready for the test.

8. Learning Grammar is based on repetition. This is why you must practice you SPANISH daily by reading, listening, speaking, and writing.

Review #1: conjugation e-drills

http://www.spaleon.com/imp.php

www.conjuguemos.com

http://avancemos.conjuguemos.com/

spanishspanish.com and https://espanol.lingolia.com/en/grammar

Review #2: Fill in blank Grammar concepts

Avancemos 2 Review for Final Exam- part 1 (present) by ZHdz (9 pgs)

Avancemos 2 Review for Final Exam Part 2 (past) by CNzr (7 pgs)

Review # 3: Practice Final Exam

Avancemos 2 Final Exam Practice in Google Form (80 prompts)

Review # 4: National Spanish Exam e-practice www.tinyurl.com/practice4final

Review #5: PRACTICE Global Seal (good for final exam review) https://theglobalseal.com/self-assessment

Review #6: Realidades 1&2 Review Realidades textbook 1 & 2 review

REVIEW #7: Español 2 & 3 REVIEW by: ZSHernandez

Present tense

Ser (to be) Estar Saber (to know) Conocer

Soy Estoy Sé Conozco

Eres Estás Sabes Conoces

Es Está Sabe Conoce

Somos Estamos Sabemos Conocemos

Son Están Saben Conocen

*Permanent *Temporary *information/facts/skill *familiar with people, places/things

Direct Object Pronouns: Tell who/what receives the action of the verb

Placed before a conjugated verb / attached to the infinitive verb.

Me= me, te- you, nos- us, os- yall

Lo = him La = her

Los = them (masc.) Las = them (fem.)

Indirect Object Pronouns:

To/for whom the action is performed (like a favor)

* Placed before a conjugated verb / attached to the infinitive verb.

Me= me, te- you, nos- us, os- yall

Le= to/ for him, her, you

Les = to/ for them, to/for you (plural)

Demonstrative pronouns: states location of objects.

Este=this one, Ese= that one, Aquel= over there

Possessive Adjectives: whom does it belong to?

Mío=mine, Tuyo=yours, Suyo=his/theirs, Nuestro=ours

Affirmative Commands: To order someone you know to do something.

Conjugate the verb in the “He” of the present tense. -ar=> a -er/ir=>e ex: hablar = habla

Irregular verbs: poner=pon, decir=di, tener=ten, hacer=haz, ser=sé, ir=ve, venir=ven, salir=sal

Negative Commands: To order someone NOT to do something.

Add “no” the beginning plus…-ar=> es -er/ir => as ex: hablar = hables

Reflexive pronouns: to do to oneself. (se => me, te, se, nos, se) the “se” is moved to the beginning of the verb and conjugated as follows: Bañarse => me baño, te bañas, se baña, nos bañamos, se bañan.

Infinitive tense: the verb before conjugation. It ends in –ar/-er/ir. Ex: hablar, comer, vivir.

CONJUGATIONS:

Present tense:what is happening/ Preterite tense: what has happened. / Future tense: what will happen.

-ar -er/-ir / -ar -er/-ir / -ar/-er/-ir *(do Not delete)

I -o -o / -é -í / -é *(add on endings)

You -as -es / -aste -iste / -ás

He -a -e / -ó -ió / -á

We -amos -emos/-imos / -amos -imos / -emos

They -an -en / -aron -ieron / -án

Imperfect tense: Past & continuos / Present progressive: Present & continuos.

-ar -er/-ir / Estar (present tense) + Present Indicative endings

I -aba -ía / Estoy + -ar=> ando -er/-ir => iendo

You -abas -ías / Estás + -ar=> ando -er/-ir => iendo

He -aba -ía / Está + -ar=> ando -er/-ir => iendo

We -ábamos -íamos / Estamos + -ar=> ando -er/-ir => iendo

They -aban -ían / Están + -ar=> ando -er/-ir => iendo

Present Subjunctive: Someone wanting for someone else to do something. It has two verbs with a midpoint word. Present tense verb/ “que” midpoint word/ Subjunctive ending.

*Present subjunctive uses the same subjunctive tense ending shown below with preterite subjunctive.

Preterite Subjunctive: Someone wanted for someone else to do something. It has tow verbs with the midpoint word. Preterite tense verb/ “que” midpoint word/ Subjunctive ending.

*Present and preterite subjunctive use the same endings as shown below:

Subjunctive ending: (known as the present tense switched with the he duplicated on the I tense)

subjuctive phrase + QUE + -ar -er/-ir verbs

Yo -e -a

tú -es -as

Ud -e -as

Nos. -emos -amos

Vos. -éis --áis

uds -en -an

Antonyms & superlatives: siempre:nunca/ o…o:ni…ni / alguien:nadie/ algo:nada/ también:tampoco/ más…que:menos…que/ tanto…como/ hace…que/ and the ending “–ísimo” expresses exaggeration.

Imperfect Subjunctive tense: someone wanted continuously for someone else to do something. One verb only with the following endings:

-ar -er/-ir verbs

I -iara -iera

You -iaras -ieras

He -iara -iera

We -iáramos -iéramos

They -iaran -ieran

Conditional tense: express speculation, probability, make polite request, and convey future form a past perspective. Ex.: I would sing. Use the infinitive tense verb to add the imperfect tense ending of -er/ir verbs. *Do NOT delete –ar/-er/-ir endings.

Example: Hablar => hablaría, hablarías, hablaría, hablaríamos, hablarían

Dormir => dormiría, dormirías, dormiría, dormiríamos, dormirían

Present Perfect tense: Used for actions that occurred at an indefinite time. Ex.: We have sung.

Haber (present tense) + past participle

He + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Has + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Ha + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Hemos + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Han + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Present Perfect Progressive tense:

Haber (present tense) + Estar (past participle) + main verb in the present participle

He + Estado + -ar => ando -er/-ir => iendo

Has + Estado + -ar => ando -er/-ir => iendo

Ha + Estado + -ar => ando -er/-ir => iendo

Hemos + Estado + -ar => ando -er/-ir => iendo

Han + Estado + -ar => ando -er/-ir => iendo

Past Perfect (Pluperfect) tense: Refers to something completed further back in the past than some other past action or state.

Haber (imperfect tense) + main verb in the past participle

Había + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Habías + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Había + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Habíamos + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Habían + -ar => ado -er/-ir => ido

Para= direct (FOR) Por = indirect

*Do Use Para Correctly. Follow these Tips: Memorizing Funny Rules Becomes Easy Too!

Destination (I’m going to Sumter) Motive (for necessity’s sake)

Use (I use it to clean my face) Favor (on behalf of)

Purpose (these tires are for the snow) Reason (because of)

Comparison (I am better than you) Behalf (I’ll do it for her)

Future time (deadline) Exchange (in exchange for)

Truth restriction (opinion) ex: for me Time length. Ex: for a day

Stem-changing verbs (present tense): The change occurs on all person tenses except the “we” person tense. (o=>ue, u=>ue, e=>ie, e=>i) Ex: dormir=> duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, duermen. (use the boot shape to remember)

(past tense) changes occur only in the él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes. (use the basement to remember)

Preterite tense irregular verbs that end in –gar, -zar, -car. These following changes occur only in the “I” person tense: (-car : c=>qu) , (-gar : g=>gu), (-zar : z =>c).

Ex: Cruzar => crucé, cruzaste, cruzó, cruzamos, cruzaron.

Preterite tense conjugation of irregular verbs:

Ir & Ser => Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

Dar & ver => di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron & vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron

Hacer => hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron

Creer, leer, oir, incluir & caer: (i=>y) on the he and they person tense.

Example: Creer => creí, creíste, creyó, creímos,creyeron.

In additional to this review, students should enhance their history, literature, culture, geography and current event awareness, and their reading, writing, and comprehension skills.

SPANISH 2CP Possible REVIEW FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

(not limited to these) made by prior students

Ch 1A