Tobacco affects body systems

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

5TH GRADE VIRTUAL HEALTH

L15: How Medicines Help the Body| L16: Medicine Use, Misuse & Abuse | L17: Tobacco Affects Body Systems | L18: Alcohol Affects Body Systems | L19: Refusing Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drugs | L20: The Causes of Disease| L21: Pathogens & Infectious Diseases | L22: Disease and the Immune System | EXTRA: When Someone Gets Ill | EXTRA: Noninfectious Disease | EXTRA: Choosing a Healthy Life

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention

Tobacco Affects Body Systems

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)

LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will know and be able to name three (3) harmful substances in tobacco smoke.

I will know and be able to describe the effects of tobacco use on parts of the body.

I will know and be able to identify reasons people use tobacco.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

cancer - a disease in which abnormal cells, or tumors, grow and interfere with normal cell growth

carcinogens - substances that cause cancer

nicotine - a poison that speeds up the nervous system, makes the blood vessels smaller, and as a result, the heart must work harder to get blood to different parts of the body

carbon monoxide - a poisonous gas contained in tobacco smoke

tars - the sticky dark paste that's left behind when certain substances burn

environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) - tobacco smoke in  the air that has the same harmful poisons that smokers inhale / also known as "second-hand smoke"

OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

Using tobacco even for a short period of time can have harmful effects on the body.

Why Learn This?

Understanding the dangers of tobacco will help you avoid using tobacco.

WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: Tobacco Affects the Body Systems

Tobacco was originally grown and smoked in the Americas. The Native Americans considered tobacco to be a gift from the spirits and used it for important ceremonies. When Europeans came to the Americas, they took tobacco back with them to Europe. Smoking, chewing, and sniffing tobacco became popular throughout the world.

In the last fifty years, people have learned more and more about the harm tobacco does to the human body. In 1964 scientists proved that smoking tobacco could cause lung cancer and heart disease. In 1966 Congress passed a law requiring the warnings seen today on packages of cigarettes. In 1971 Congress passed a law saying that tobacco couldn't be advertised on radio or television. Today the harmful effects of tobacco smoke are widely recognized, and smoking is limited or prohibited in workplaces, restaurants, airplanes, and other public places.

What is in tobacco smoke?

Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 substances. More than 60 of these are linked to cancer. Cancer (KAN•ser) is a disease in which abnormal cells, or tumors, grow and interfere with normal cell grow. Substances that cause cancer are called carcinogens (kar•SIX•nuh•juhnz).

All forms of tobacco contain nicotine. Nicotine (NIH•kuh-teen) is a poison that speeds up the nervous system. It also makes the blood vessels smaller. As a result, the heart must work harder to get blood to different parts of the body. Nicotine is sometimes used to kill insects. A single tablespoon of nicotine is enough to kill a human being.

Tobacco smoke also contains a poisonous gas called carbon monoxide (KAR-buhn muh-NAHK•syd). The carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke irritates people's eyes and throats and upsets their stomachs. Even worse, carbon monoxide takes the place of oxygen in the blood. Instead of getting the oxygen their bodies need, smokers get this poisonous gas. They may cough and wheeze because they can't get enough oxygen.

Cigarette smoke also contains tars, the sticky dark paste that’s left behind when certain substances burn. When people smoke tobacco, tars coat the air passages in their lungs. The tars build up and make their breathing difficult. Eventually, some smokers can't get enough oxygen to keep their bodies working properly. They may even die. The tars in cigarette smoke also cause cancer.

What are some short-term effects of using tobacco?

One of the most noticeable effects of using tobacco is a bad smell. A smoker's hair and clothes often smell of stale cigarette smoke. A smoker's breath can smell bad too. Tobacco smoke also irritates the eyes and nose. People who chew tobacco also have bad-smelling breath. Tobacco stains teeth and fingers yellow or brown. In addition, some cigarettes and all chewing tobaccos and snuff contain sugar that can cause tooth decay.

Smoking makes breathing difficult. People who have trouble breathing have a hard time playing sports and doing other activities.

Ashes from a smoker's cigarette can fall on clothing, carpeting, and furniture. Sometimes these ashes burn little holes and even start fires. Shreds of tobacco fall out of cigarettes and pouches. They collect in coat and jacket pockets.

What are some long-term harmful effects of using tobacco?

The longer people smoke-and the more they smoke-the worse they feel. The respiratory system is the part of the body damaged the most by smoking tobacco. Inhaling the poisons in tobacco smoke over and over irritates the nose, throat, trachea, and lungs. Eventually, the irritations in smokers' lungs make them cough a lot.

Smokers are five times more likely to die of chronic bronchitis (brahn-ky-tuhs) and emphysema (emp-fuh-zee-muh) than nonsmokers. Chronic bronchitis caused by smoking starts with a buildup of tar in the respiratory system. This buildup causes the lining of the bronchial tubes to produce excess mucus and to swell. The bronchial tubes become narrow, making it hard for the person to breathe. Tars also destroy the cilia-the small hairlike structures that move materials through the bronchial tubes. Without cilia the bronchial tubes can't clean themselves of mucus.

Emphysema destroys the small air sacs in the lungs. After these air sacs are destroyed, it takes a long time for the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood. People with emphysema have a hard time breathing. Often they can't get enough oxygen to exercise or walk for even short periods of time.

Lung cancer is the disease most people associate with smoking, Cancer destroys healthy tissues and organs. The more cigarettes a person smokes, the more likely the smoker is to get lung cancer.

Smokers are also more likely than nonsmokers to get cancer of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, throat, and digestive system. One type of cancer that is common in people who use smokeless tobacco is oral cancer. Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth, lips, gums, tongue, or inside of the cheeks. Sucking or chewing on wads of tobacco changes the way the cells in different parts of the mouth grow. White patches form on the gums, tongue, or lips. These patches can become cancers.

People who use smokeless tobacco are 50 times more likely to get oral cancers than people who don't. Young people who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to get oral cancer than older people who use it. Young people also develop cancer more quickly. About one-third of the new cases of oral cancer in the United States each year are fatal. Those who don't die of oral cancer often have to have large areas of their lips, mouths, or cheeks cut away.

Smoking-related heart disease kills many people each year. The carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood, and the nicotine in tobacco narrows blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. To make up for these effects, the heart must beat faster and harder. Smokers are four times more likely to die of heart disease than are nonsmokers.

Tobacco smoke also harms nonsmokers. Nonsmokers who are around smokers breathe environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) — tobacco smoke in the air. ETS, also known as second-hand smoke, has the same harmful poisons that smokers inhale. People who continually breathe ETS have more asthma, allergies, and respiratory infections than people who stay in smoke-free places. After many years of breathing ETS, a person may develop cancers and heart disease.

Harmful Effects of Tobacco Use

Mouth 

Tobacco juices damage the gums exposing the roots of teeth. It affects the sense of taste. Using smokeless tobacco may cause oral cancers to develop.

Throat 

Tobacco smoke irritates the throat. Most people who die of throat cancer are smokers.

Larynx 

People who smoke 25 or more cigarettes a day are 25 to 30 times more likely to develop cancer of the larynx, or voice box.

Lungs Tars coat the lungs, causing coughing and shortness of breath. Long-term smoking can cause emphysema, bronchitis, and lung cancer.

Brain Nicotine reaches the brain ten seconds after being inhaled. It affects the pleasure centers in the brain.

Nicotine use leads to addiction.

Esophagus Smokers get 80 percent of all cases of cancer of the esophagus.

Circulatory System Carbon monoxide decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood. Nicotine causes blood vessels to harrow, so the heart must pump harder, leading to heart disease.

Why do some people continue using tobacco?

Most people continue using tobacco because they can't stop. But what gets them started? Many young people start using tobacco because they wonder what it feels like and what tobacco tastes like. Others do it because of peer pressure—their friends urge them to do it.

Many young people think using tobacco is a sign of being grown-up or cool. They see movie stars, sports celebrities, and rock stars using tobacco products. Often they see adults they know using tobacco. These adults might be family members or friends. Young people imagine that if they smoke or chew, they will look like adults.

Most young people start smoking by having a cigarette just once in a while. Almost no one starts with the idea of smoking 20 or more cigarettes a day. Some young people start by smoking only after school or only at parties. Next, they find they need cigarettes every day. Soon they are smoking a pack or more of cigarettes every day. Eventually, some people smoke two or three packs of cigarettes a day!

Nicotine changes a smoker's brain and the way it sends signals to the body. A dose of nicotine provides a quick burst of pleasure that lasts just a few seconds. More nicotine is needed to renew the burst of pleasure. The user becomes addicted to nicotine. People who are addicted to nicotine become nervous, depressed, and irritable when they don't get regular doses of it.

Cigarettes are so common that it may be hard to believe how dangerous and addictive they are. Most teenagers who smoke say they won't be smoking in a year. But only one in five teenage smokers manages to quit in any year. People who start smoking after the age of 21 are 16 times more likely to quit than people who start before age 21.

How can people quit using tobacco?

The best way for a young person to become a nonsmoking adult is to never smoke in the first place. Some young people try to quit smoking after a few months or a couple of years. They usually have an easier time quitting than people who have been addicted for ten or more years, but it is still difficult.

As soon as a smoker quits, the body begins to heal. Some smokers quit before they develop serious heart and lung diseases. For those people the lungs will begin to clean out the tars and other substances that have built up. The chances of developing lung cancer decrease some.

For the first few days after quitting, former smokers often feel nervous, hungry, tired, and short-tempered. They may have trouble sleeping. Surprisingly, they cough more as their lungs begin to clear themselves. After a few weeks, though, former smokers breathe more easily. They find it easier and more fun to play sports and to do outdoor activities such as hiking or biking. Food begins to taste better. The daily coughing decreases and eventually disappears.

Quitting can be hard, but it's worth it. More than 1,000 people in the United States die every day from tobacco-related illnesses. Many others live in pain.

Since tobacco is such an addictive substance, many people who try to quit need help to succeed. Hospitals, commu-nities, and health organizations offer help to people trying to quit using tobacco. After all, smoking affects every-one—even people who don't smoke!

NICOTINE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS

After 12 Hours

• Carbon monoxide and nicotine levels decline

• Person feels hungry, tired, edgy, short-tempered

• Coughing increases

After a Few Days

• Senses of smell and taste return

• Person often eats more and experiences temporary weight gain

• Mouth and tongue are dry

• Most nicotine is gone from the body

After a Few Weeks

• Heart and lungs begin to repair themselves

• Risk of death from heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema is reduced

• More healthy, productive days

• Chances for a longer life improve

REMEMBER...Using tobacco even for a short period of time can have harmful effects on the body. Understanding the dangers of tobacco will help you avoid using tobacco.

CLOSING (Evaluate)

• Complete Lesson Checkup

• Finished Early? (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)

  • Watch BrainPOP Jr. - Smoking

  • Watch BrainPOP - Smoking

  • Watch BrainPOP Jr. - Lungs

  • Watch BrainPOP - Respiratory System

  • Read Respiratory System

Standard(s)

HE5.1a - recognize the relationship between healthy behaviors and disease prevention

HE5.1b - describe and apply the basic personal health concepts of healthy eating and physical activity

HE5.1c - describe and apply the basic health concept of mental and emotional well-being

HE5.1d - describe and apply the basic health concept of personal hygiene and safety

HE5.1e - distinguish the short and long-term physical effects of use and/or misuse of substances

HE5.1f - identify trusted adults and when it might be important to seek health care or emergency help for themselves or others

HE5.1g - identify the changes that occur during puberty

HE5.1h - distinguish between tattling, reporting aggression, bullying, cyberbullying, and violence (physical and/or sexual) and how to report these instances

HE5.1i - identify strategies to avoid physical fighting and violence

HE5.2a - evaluate the influence of family and peers on personal health behaviors and decisions

HE5.2b - describe how the school and community can support personal health practices and behaviors

HE5.2c - explain how media/technology influences thoughts, feelings, and health behaviors

HE5.3a - identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.3b - access resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information

HE5.3c - assess the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.4a - apply effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health

HE5.4b - model effective nonviolent strategies to manage or resolve conflicts

HE5.4c - demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance personal health and the health of others

HE5.5a - identify health-related situations that might require a thoughtful decision

HE5.5b - list healthy options and possible consequences to a health-related issue or problem

HE5.5c - predict the potential outcomes of each option when making a health-related decision

HE5.5d - analyze when assistance is needed in making a health-related decision

HE5.5e - choose a healthy option when making a decision

HE5.5f - describe the outcomes of a health-related decision

HE5.6a - set a personal health goal and track progress toward its achievement

HE5.6b - identify and utilize resources to assist in achieving a personal health goal

HE5.7a - practice responsible personal health choices

HE5.7b - demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to preserve or enhance personal health

HE5.7c - model a variety of behaviors that prevent or decrease health risks to self and/or others

HE5.8a - review accurate information and develop an opinion about a health issue

HE5.8b - advocate for positive health choices

Essential Question(s)

1. What is in tobacco smoke?

2. What are some short-term effects of using tobacco

3. What are some long-term effects of using tobacco?

Big Idea(s)

1. Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 substances, 60 of which are linked to cancer (carcinogens, nicotine, carbon monoxide, tars).

2. Some short-term effects of using tobacco are bad smell, bad breath, eye and nose irritation, staining teeth and fingers yellow or brown, tooth decay from sugar in chewing tobaccos and snuff, difficulty breathing, and ashes.

3. Some long-term effects of using tobacco are respiratory system damage; irritation of nose, throat, trachea, and lungs; more likely to die of chronic bronchitis and emphysema; more likely to get cancer of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, throat, and digestive system.

RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• see below

DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials

• Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 5. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.

Technology

• Google Sites - HPE website

• Chromebook

• large video screens for whole-class viewing

• sound system for sharing of audio

• BrainPOP Jr. - Smoking

• BrainPOP - Smoking

• BrainPOP Jr. - Lungs

• BrainPOP - Respiratory System

• Respiratory System