Noninfectious Disease

HEALTH EDUCATION - EXTRA Lesson

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention (5)

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention

Noninfectious Disease

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)

LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will know and be able to distinguish between chronic and acute diseases.

I will know and be able to recognize the relationship between lifestyle choices and the risk of developing some chronic diseases.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

chronic - long-lasting health problems

acute - health problems that don't last very long

insulin - a chemical that helps body cells take up sugar from the blood

seizure - sudden attack of unconsciousness or uncontrolled body movement

OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

Noninfectious diseases have many causes.

Why Learn This?

You can use what you learn to help protect yourself from some noninfectious diseases.

WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: Noninfectious Disease

Noninfectious Disease

There are many noninfectious diseases. Some common ones are heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and asthma. Jerod's grandmother, who is pictured on this page, has diabetes.

Most noninfectious diseases are chronic (KRAH•nik). This means that they are long-lasting health problems. Jerod's grandmother was a teenager when she found out she had diabetes. She has been treated for it ever since. Most infectious diseases, on the other hand, are acute. This means that they don't last very long. Think about the last time you had a cold. You probably recovered completely in a week or two.

What causes noninfectious diseases?

Doctors don't know what causes some noninfectious diseases. However, the causes of other noninfectious diseases have been found. Many seem to have more than one possible cause. Some noninfectious diseases are caused by harmful things in the environment. Too much sunlight, for example, can cause skin cancer. Harmful chemicals in the environment also cause noninfectious diseases. Chemicals in polluted air can cause asthma and lung cancer. Chemicals used on farms and lawns to kill weeds and insect pests are thought to cause other kinds of cancer.

How people live their lives may also affect their chances of getting noninfectious diseases. Lifestyle choices such as using tobacco, drinking alcohol, eating too much, not exercising regularly, and letting stress build up can increase the chances of getting heart disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases.

Smoking tobacco increases the chances of getting heart disease, lung cancer, and several other kinds of cancer. Using smokeless tobacco increases the chances of getting cancer of the mouth. Using alcohol increases the chances of getting cancer and other chronic diseases of the liver, a major body organ.

Some people do not use tobacco or alcohol, but they still make lifestyle choices that put their health at risk. Patricia often overeats. She also eats a lot of junk food. She is more likely to snack on a bag of cookies than on a piece of fruit. Ronald gets very little exercise. He spends most of his time either playing computer games or sitting in front of the television. Both Patricia and Ronald are more likely to develop heart disease and several other noninfectious diseases than people with better diets and more active lifestyles are. However, not everyone who eats too much or exercises too little develops heart disease or cancer. Other factors, especially heredity, also affect a person's chances of getting noninfectious diseases.

What are some noninfectious diseases?

The two noninfectious diseases that cause the most deaths in the United States are heart disease and cancer. Heart disease kills one out of three people. Cancer kills one out of five people. Both diseases are more common in adults than in children.

The Eight Warning Signs of Possible Childhood Cancer

1. Unexplained weight loss

2. Morning headaches with vomiting

3. Swelling or persistent pain in bones or joints

4. Lump or mass in abdomen, neck, or elsewhere

5. Development of a whitish appearance in the pupil of the eye

6. Recurrent fevers not due to infection

7. Excessive bruising or bleeding

8. Noticeable paleness or prolonged tiredness

Epilepsy and asthma are noninfectious diseases that are more common in children than in adults. Although these diseases can't be cured, treatment can help people who have them live normal lives.

There are many kinds of cancer. Cancer occurs when there is a change in the way body cells grow. Symptoms of cancer vary. Skin cancer can cause a sore that does not heal. Lung cancer can cause a cough that does not go away.

Being aware of the warning signs of cancer, shown at the left, can help people find it. Regular checkups by a doctor can also help find cancer. The sooner cancer is found, the sooner treatment can start and the better the chances of a cure.

Treatment involves using one or more methods to remove or kill cancer cells-surgery, X rays, or medicines.

There are also many kinds of heart disease. One of the most common heart diseases is atherosclerosis (a•thuh•roh•skluh•ROH•suhs). In this disease a fatty substance collects inside the blood vessels. This slows down the flow of blood. A lowfat diet and regular exercise are usually recommended for people with atherosclerosis in order to slow the damage to their blood vessels.

Another common heart disease is high blood pressure. In this disease the pressure of the blood flowing through the body is higher than normal. The blood vessels are stiffer and less flexible than normal and may be narrower because of fatty material stuck to the lining. The heart has to pump harder to get the same amount of blood to all the body tissues. High blood pressure can usually be controlled by medicine, diet, and exercise.

Often, neither atherosclerosis nor high blood pressure causes any symptoms until a lot of damage has already been done. Then the first sign of a problem may be the chest pains of a heart attack. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is cut off. This starves some of the heart of oxygen. The heart muscle will die if it doesn't get blood again soon. Heart attacks are the most common cause of death in people with heart disease. People who get emergency treatment, though, have a good chance of recovery.

Diabetes is another common noninfectious disease. There are several types of diabetes. People with one type of diabetes don't make enough insulin (INT•suh•luhn), a chemical that helps body cells take up sugar from the blood. Without sugar, cells have little energy. This causes people with diabetes to feel weak and tired. At the same time, the level of sugar in their blood and urine rises. This causes people to pass urine often and to feel unusually thirsty.

A high level of sugar in the blood can cause other health problems. For example, in people with diabetes blood doesn't flow easily, especially to the feet and legs. This is why Jerod's grandmother needs a metal walker to help her get around.

Proper treatment can keep the level of blood sugar under control and prevent many of these other health problems. To keep blood sugar under control, people with some types of diabetes must take daily shots of insulin or other medicine. They must also follow a balanced diet and get daily exercise.

Epilepsy is a noninfectious disease of the brain. In people with epilepsy, signals between brain cells are sometimes out of control. The result is a seizure (sEE•zher), or sudden attack of unconsciousness or uncontrolled body movement. Most seizures don't have specific causes. But some are a result of fever, stress, or specific patterns of light.

Mild seizures may be little more than a few seconds of "blanking out." The person having the seizure may appear to be staring into space or daydreaming.

More serious seizures generally involve the whole body. The person usually loses consciousness, falls to the ground, and twitches or jerks for a minute or two. The person then has a few moments of deep, relaxed sleep before waking with no memory of the seizure. Sometimes headache, sleepiness, or confusion follow these seizures. Medical help is needed only if the seizure lasts longer than three minutes or is followed by another seizure.

Most cases of epilepsy are treated with medicine that controls the seizures. Children with epilepsy often outgrow it by adulthood.

Asthma is a noninfectious disease of the respiratory system. It is more common in children than adults, and children often outgrow it. Aaron has asthma. When Aaron has an asthma attack, he coughs a lot and has trouble breathing. Aaron's asthma attacks come and go, which is common for people who have asthma.

Most asthma attacks are triggered by things such as stress, exercise, respiratory infections, and substances in the air. Aaron's attacks usually occur when he has a bad cold or other respiratory infection.

The first step in treating asthma is to find out what triggers the attacks. Then the triggers should be avoided if possible. Medicine can also be taken to help control asthma attacks.

REMEMBER...Noninfectious diseases have many causes. You can use what you learn to help protect yourself from some noninfectious diseases.

CLOSING (Evaluate)

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- INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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- NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)
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  - Watch BrainPOP - Alzheimer's Disease
  - Watch BrainPOP - Asthma
  - Watch BrainPOP - Cancer
  - Watch BrainPOP - Cerebral Palsy
  - Watch BrainPOP - Cystic Fibrosis
  - Watch BrainPOP - Diabetes
  - Watch BrainPOP - Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  - Watch BrainPOP - Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  - Watch BrainPOP - Multiple Sclerosis

Standard(s)

HE5.1a - recognize the relationship between healthy behaviors and disease prevention

HE5.1b - describe and apply the basic personal health concepts of healthy eating and physical activity

HE5.1c - describe and apply the basic health concept of mental and emotional well-being

HE5.1d - describe and apply the basic health concept of personal hygiene and safety

HE5.1e - distinguish the short and long-term physical effects of use and/or misuse of substances

HE5.1f - identify trusted adults and when it might be important to seek health care or emergency help for themselves or others

HE5.1g - identify the changes that occur during puberty

HE5.1h - distinguish between tattling, reporting aggression, bullying, cyberbullying, and violence (physical and/or sexual) and how to report these instances

HE5.1i - identify strategies to avoid physical fighting and violence

HE5.2a - evaluate the influence of family and peers on personal health behaviors and decisions

HE5.2b - describe how the school and community can support personal health practices and behaviors

HE5.2c - explain how media/technology influences thoughts, feelings, and health behaviors

HE5.3a - identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.3b - access resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information

HE5.3c - assess the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.4a - apply effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health

HE5.4b - model effective nonviolent strategies to manage or resolve conflicts

HE5.4c - demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance personal health and the health of others

HE5.5a - identify health-related situations that might require a thoughtful decision

HE5.5b - list healthy options and possible consequences to a health-related issue or problem

HE5.5c - predict the potential outcomes of each option when making a health-related decision

HE5.5d - analyze when assistance is needed in making a health-related decision

HE5.5e - choose a healthy option when making a decision

HE5.5f - describe the outcomes of a health-related decision

HE5.6a - set a personal health goal and track progress toward its achievement

HE5.6b - identify and utilize resources to assist in achieving a personal health goal

HE5.7a - practice responsible personal health choices

HE5.7b - demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to preserve or enhance personal health

HE5.7c - model a variety of behaviors that prevent or decrease health risks to self and/or others

HE5.8a - review accurate information and develop an opinion about a health issue

HE5.8b - advocate for positive health choices

Essential Question(s)

What causes noninfectious diseases?
What are some noninfectious diseases?

Big Idea(s)

Some noninfectious diseases are caused by harmful things in the environment: too much sunlight (skin cancer), harmful chemicals in the environment, in polluted air (asthma and lung cancer), used on farms and lawns to kill weeds and insect pests (cancer). Unhealthful choices like tobacco use (heart disease, lung cancer, cancer of the mouth), alcohol use (cancer, diseases of the liver), overeating, and very little exercise (heart disease, cancer).
Some noninfectious diseases are heart disease (atherosclerosis, high blood pressure), cancer, epilepsy, asthma, and diabetes.

RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

see below

DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials

Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 5. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.

Technology

Google Sites

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