Food: Nutrients for the Body

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

5TH GRADE VIRTUAL HEALTH

L23: Your Digestive System| L24: Food - Nutrients for the Body | L25: MyPlate | L26: Influences on Your Food Choices | L27: Food Labels & Advertising | L28: Changing Families, Changing Roles| L29: Communication in Families | L30: Growth Comes in Stages | L31: Growth, Heredity, and the Endocrine System | L32: Dealing with Adolescence | EXTRA: Choices You Make Affect Growth

Growing UP Healthy

Food: Nutrients for the Body

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)

LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will identify the role of proteins in the body.

I will know and be able to describe how the body gets and uses vitamins and minerals.

I will define supplements and explain why they are used by some people.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

proteins - nutrients that help your body perform many important jobs such as building and repairing cells, providing your body with energy

vitamins - nutrients that help your body perform specific functions and that are essential to life / some vitamins help your body use other nutrients / other vitamins help keep parts of your body strong and healthy

minerals - needing these nutrients in very small amounts, minerals help your body grow and work while they make bones and teeth strong, release energy from food, and keep cells functioning normally

dietary supplements - concentrated forms of nutrients that are taken in addition to food

OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

Vitamins, minerals, and proteins are part of a healthy diet.

Why Learn This?

You can use what you learn to make sure you get enough nutrients in your diet.

WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: Learning About Yourself

Which nutrients help your body grow?

Have you ever seen your baby pictures? You certainly have grown! You can thank proetins for most of this growth. Ther word "protein" comes from a Greek root meaning "of first importance." Proteins (PROH*teenz) are nutrients that help your body perform many important jobs. they help build and repair cells. They also provide your body with energy.

Your body cannot store extra protein. It needs a new supply every day. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and milk products are all good protein sources. Dried beans and peas, nuts, and grains also contain protein.

Which nutrients help you use other nutrients?

Vitamins (VY*tuh*muhnz) are nutrients that help your body perform specific functions. They are essential to life. Some vitamins help your body use other nutrients. Other vitamins help keep parts of your body strong and healthy.

• Vitamin A - keeps your skin and eyes healthy. It is found in carrots, eggs, broccoli, tomatoes, fortified milk, and leafy green vegetables.

• Vitamin B1 - needed to release energy from nutrients. It is found in meats, eggs, fish, and whole-grain and enriched breads.

• Vitamin B2 - helps your body release energy from nutrients. Eggs, milk, meats, broccoli, and whole-grain and enriched breads are good sources.

• Vitamin B12 - important for healthy blood and nerve cells. It is found in meat, poultry, fish, milk, and eggs.

• Vitamin C - helps keep your blood, gums, and teeth healthy. It is found in citrus fruits, strawberries, tomatoes, and broccoli.

• Vitamin D - keeps your bones and teeth strong. You can get it from fish, eggs, and fortified milk.

Minerals (MIN*ruhlz), such as calcium and iron, are nutrients that help your body grow and work. You need minerals only in very small amounts. Minerals help keep bones and teeth strong, release energy from food, and keep cells functioning normally. The chart below lists some important minerals.

What can happen if nutrients are missing from your diet?

Latoya is proud of how she performs on the balance beam. It has taken months of practice to learn to control her body so well. Latoya gives a lot of thought to choosing the foods she eats. She knows that eating the right foods is an important part of keeping her body healthy and in good condition. To help her body get all the nutrients it needs, Latoya begins each day with a healthful breakfast.

Even if you are not an athlete, your body is growing and changing. You need to give it the nutrients it needs every day. You need proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and water. You also need to eat foods that contain vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

Getting eneough nutrients is not just for "other kids." With too few nutrients, you many not grow well. Not getting enough nutrients can also lower your ability to fight some infections. You could get sick more easily, feel tired all the time, or have trouble paying attention in school.

In the United States plenty of nutritious foods are available. Most people can easily get the nutrients they need. However, if a nutrient is lacking the diet, the body will be affected.

Each nutrient has different functions in the body. The functions of some nutrients are listed in the chart above. Notice that if you don't get enough of one kind of nutrient, your body will be affected in a specific way. If you don't get enough of another nutrient, your body will react in a different way.

Minerals are essential nutrients. At your age iron and calcium are especially important. A lack of iron can make you dizzy and tired. A lack of calcium may prevent normal growth and development.

To stay healthy, you need to eat a variety of foods every day. By eating a variety of foods, such as meats, grains, nuts and seeds, vegetables, fruits, and milk products, you will get all the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients you need.

What are dietary supplements?

Reduces colds and flu! Prevents cancer! Prevents heart disease! Many companies use claims like these to persuade people to try their dietary supplements. Dietary supplements (DY*uh*tair*ee SUH*pluh*ments) are concentrated forms of muntrients that are taken in addition to food. The most common dietary supplements are vitamins and minerals. All supplements are not the same. Some contain large doses of a single nutrient. Others have smaller amounts of many different nutrients.

Most people who eat healthful diets don't need to take dietary supplements. Eating a varied diet usually provides all the nutrients most people need. If you take a dietary supplement, you may think that you don't need to worry about your overall diet. But dietary supplements can't replace healthful foods. Supplements don't have fiber in them. They also may not have certain minerals that are needed in very small amounts. The vitamins and minerals in a supplement need to work together with the nutrients in the foods you eat.

There are people, however, who may need supplements. Babies, pregnant women, and nursing mothers all have high vitamin and mineral needs. People who can't have milk or milk products need extra calcium. Those who eat no animal food need vitamin B12. Some elderly people don't eat enough foods that are high in vitamins and minerals. They may need to take dietary supplements to get enough of these nutrients.

Other people take large doses, called megadoses, of some dietary supplements. They hope these large doses will make their muscles stronger, cure a cold, or help them lose weight. However, most studies have shown that the body can only absorb a certain amount of a given nutrient. After that level is reached, the excess is given off as waste. In addition, when taken in large amounts some nutrients can actually harm the body. It is always best to consult a doctor before taking megadoses of any dietary supplement.

REMEMBER...vitamins, minerals, and proteins are part of a healthy diet. You can use what you have learned to make sure you get enough nutrients in your diet.

CLOSING (Evaluate)

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  • Read about Nutrition

Standard(s)

HE5.1a - recognize the relationship between healthy behaviors and disease prevention

HE5.1b - describe and apply the basic personal health concepts of healthy eating and physical activity

HE5.1c - describe and apply the basic health concept of mental and emotional well-being

HE5.1d - describe and apply the basic health concept of personal hygiene and safety

HE5.1e - distinguish the short and long-term physical effects of use and/or misuse of substances

HE5.1f - identify trusted adults and when it might be important to seek health care or emergency help for themselves or others

HE5.1g - identify the changes that occur during puberty

HE5.1h - distinguish between tattling, reporting aggression, bullying, cyberbullying, and violence (physical and/or sexual) and how to report these instances

HE5.1i - identify strategies to avoid physical fighting and violence

HE5.2a - evaluate the influence of family and peers on personal health behaviors and decisions

HE5.2b - describe how the school and community can support personal health practices and behaviors

HE5.2c - explain how media/technology influences thoughts, feelings, and health behaviors

HE5.3a - identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.3b - access resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information

HE5.3c - assess the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.4a - apply effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health

HE5.4b - model effective nonviolent strategies to manage or resolve conflicts

HE5.4c - demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance personal health and the health of others

HE5.5a - identify health-related situations that might require a thoughtful decision

HE5.5b - list healthy options and possible consequences to a health-related issue or problem

HE5.5c - predict the potential outcomes of each option when making a health-related decision

HE5.5d - analyze when assistance is needed in making a health-related decision

HE5.5e - choose a healthy option when making a decision

HE5.5f - describe the outcomes of a health-related decision

HE5.6a - set a personal health goal and track progress toward its achievement

HE5.6b - identify and utilize resources to assist in achieving a personal health goal

HE5.7a - practice responsible personal health choices

HE5.7b - demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to preserve or enhance personal health

HE5.7c - model a variety of behaviors that prevent or decrease health risks to self and/or others

HE5.8a - review accurate information and develop an opinion about a health issue

HE5.8b - advocate for positive health choices

Essential Question(s)

1. Why do you need protein every day?

2. How would skipping breakfast affect the nutrients you get each day?

3. Are dietary supplements necessary?

Big Idea(s)

1. The body does not store protein, but it is needed for growth, repair of cells, and energy.

2. You would likely get fewer nutrients because it would be hard to make up for missing a whole meal's worth of nutrition later in the day.

3. Dietary supplements (e.g. vitamins, minerals) are only necessary when a person has a special need that cannot be met simply by eating a healthful diet; also, when a person follows a restricted diet that eliminates the main sources of some nutrients.

RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• see below

DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials

• Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 5. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.

Technology

• Google Sites - HPE website

• Chromebook

• large video screens for whole-class viewing

• sound system for sharing of audio

• Nutrition

• BrainPOP - Body Systems

  • BrainPOP - Circulatory System

  • BrainPOP - Digestive System

  • BrainPOP - Endocrine System

  • BrainPOP - Nervous System

  • BrainPOP - Respiratory System

  • BrainPOP - Urinary System

• Senses

  • BrainPOP - Balance

  • BrainPOP - Eyes

  • BrainPOP - Hearing

  • BrainPOP - Smell

  • BrainPOP - Taste

  • BrainPOP - Touch

• BrainPOP - Body Weight

• BrainPOP - Broken Bones

• BrainPOP - Carbohydrates

• BrainPOP - Eating Disorders

• BrainPOP - Fats

• WBrainPOP - Fitness | At-Home Fitness

• BrainPOP - Growth

• BrainPOP - Heart

• BrainPOP - Metabolism

• BrainPOP - Muscles | Steroids

• BrainPOP - Nutrition

• BrainPOP - Obesity

• BrainPOP - Personal Hygiene | How Soap Works

• BrainPOP - Salt

• BrainPOP - Skeleton | Joints