Your Digestive System

From the esophagus the food mass travels to your stomach. In your stomach different enzymes mix with the food mass to continue the digestive process (chemical digestion). The partly digested food is squeezed and churned in your stomach for a while (mechanical digestion). Then it moves into the small intestine, where other enzymes complete digestion (chemical digestion). Little by little, nutrients are then absorbed into your blood. Anything that cannot be digested passes into your large intestine.

HUMAN BODY CONNECTION - Digestive Enzymes

The pancreas releases enzymes used in digestion. Locate the pancreas in the diagram of the system below. In which organ might the enzymes released by the pancreas work?

Why does your body need water and fiber?

Water is the nutrient your body needs most. You need water to digest food, to transport nutrients to your cells, and to build new cells. Ater helps keep your body temperature stable. It also helps remove carbon dioxide, salts, and other wastes from your body. Some of these wastes are removed from your body in sweat.

You get some water from the foods you eat, but you get most of the water you need by drinking water. In fact, to keep your body healthy, you should drink six to eight (6-8) glasses of water each day.

Fiber is another important nutrient that helps in digestion. Although fiber itself cannot be digested, it helps move other foods through your digestive system. You get fiber from foods that come from plants. However, fiber can be removed when foods are processed. Processed foods include bread, rice, and many cereals. To get enough fiber, you ned to choose high-fiber foods. These include bran cereal, apples and pears with their skins on, fresh peas, and dried peas and beans.

Which nutrients does your body use for energy?

Carbohydrates (kar•boh•HY•drayts) are starches and sugars that supply your body with energy. Starches are carbohydrates that are not sweet. Most of the carbohydrates in your diet should be starches. Starches are found in breads, cereals, grains, pasta, beans, and many vegetables.

Sugars are carbohydrates that taste sweet. White sugar, brown sugar, honey, and molasses are all forms of sugar. Sugar is also found in fruits and milk. Most of the sugar in your diet should come from fruits and milk products.

The energy in food is measured in Calories (KA•luh•reez). Foods high in Calories give you lots of energy. The more active you are, the more energy you need, and the more Calories you burn. Gardening for one hour uses about 250 Calories. Playing soccer can burn as many as 500 Calories per hour. The chart below shows how many Calories your body uses during other common activities.

The nutrients that contain the most Calories are fats. Butter, margarine, and oils are fats. Snack foods like chips, cookies, cakes, and candy usually contain a lot of fat. Foods such as meats, nuts, and milk products also contain fat. However, they also have many other important nutrients.

Your body uses the Calories in fats for energy. When you take in more Calories than you need, your body changes the excess to fat. This fat is stored in your body for later use.

MATH CONNECTION - Research Fat (if you finish "Lesson Checkup" early)

With a partner, find out how the amount of fat in different kids of milk is indicated. What do the numbers mean? Make a chart comparing the Calories of the different types of milk. Other than Calories, do the types of milk differ in the nutrients they provide your body?

Skim (0% or Fat Free) Milk (directly below)

1% (Low Fat) Milk (directly below)

2% (Reduced Fat) Milk (directly below)

Whole Fat Milk (directly below)

Remember that your digestive system breaks down food to give your body energy. You can use what you've learned to help your body get the energy and nutrients you need to stay healthy.

CLOSING (Evaluate)

• Complete Lesson Checkup

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  • Watch BrainPOP - Body Systems

    • Watch BrainPOP - Circulatory System

    • Watch BrainPOP - Digestive System

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    • Watch BrainPOP - Urinary System

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  • Read Digestive System

  • MATH CONNECTION - Research Fat - With a partner, find out how the amount of fat in different kids of milk is indicated. What do the numbers mean? Make a chart comparing the Calories of the different types of milk. Other than Calories, do the types of milk differ in the nutrients they provide your body? (see Milk nutrition facts above)

Standard(s)

HE5.1a - recognize the relationship between healthy behaviors and disease prevention

HE5.1b - describe and apply the basic personal health concepts of healthy eating and physical activity

HE5.1c - describe and apply the basic health concept of mental and emotional well-being

HE5.1d - describe and apply the basic health concept of personal hygiene and safety

HE5.1e - distinguish the short and long-term physical effects of use and/or misuse of substances

HE5.1f - identify trusted adults and when it might be important to seek health care or emergency help for themselves or others

HE5.1g - identify the changes that occur during puberty

HE5.1h - distinguish between tattling, reporting aggression, bullying, cyberbullying, and violence (physical and/or sexual) and how to report these instances

HE5.1i - identify strategies to avoid physical fighting and violence

HE5.2a - evaluate the influence of family and peers on personal health behaviors and decisions

HE5.2b - describe how the school and community can support personal health practices and behaviors

HE5.2c - explain how media/technology influences thoughts, feelings, and health behaviors

HE5.3a - identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.3b - access resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information

HE5.3c - assess the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.4a - apply effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health

HE5.4b - model effective nonviolent strategies to manage or resolve conflicts

HE5.4c - demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance personal health and the health of others

HE5.5a - identify health-related situations that might require a thoughtful decision

HE5.5b - list healthy options and possible consequences to a health-related issue or problem

HE5.5c - predict the potential outcomes of each option when making a health-related decision

HE5.5d - analyze when assistance is needed in making a health-related decision

HE5.5e - choose a healthy option when making a decision

HE5.5f - describe the outcomes of a health-related decision

HE5.6a - set a personal health goal and track progress toward its achievement

HE5.6b - identify and utilize resources to assist in achieving a personal health goal

HE5.7a - practice responsible personal health choices

HE5.7b - demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to preserve or enhance personal health

HE5.7c - model a variety of behaviors that prevent or decrease health risks to self and/or others

HE5.8a - review accurate information and develop an opinion about a health issue

HE5.8b - advocate for positive health choices

Essential Question(s)

1. How does the digestive system work?

2. How do nutrients help the body?

Big Idea(s)

1. Your digestive system breaks down food and processes nutrients to give your body energy.

2. Nutrients are substances in food that provide you with energy and other things your body needs.

RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• see below

DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials

• Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 5. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.

Technology

• Google Sites - HPE website

• Chromebook

• large video screens for whole-class viewing

• sound system for sharing of audio

• Digestive System

• BrainPOP - Body Systems

  • BrainPOP - Circulatory System

  • BrainPOP - Digestive System

  • BrainPOP - Endocrine System

  • BrainPOP - Nervous System

  • BrainPOP - Respiratory System

  • BrainPOP - Urinary System

• Senses

  • BrainPOP - Balance

  • BrainPOP - Eyes

  • BrainPOP - Hearing

  • BrainPOP - Smell

  • BrainPOP - Taste

  • BrainPOP - Touch

• BrainPOP - Body Weight

• BrainPOP - Broken Bones

• BrainPOP - Carbohydrates

• BrainPOP - Eating Disorders

• BrainPOP - Fats

• WBrainPOP - Fitness | At-Home Fitness

• BrainPOP - Growth

• BrainPOP - Heart

• BrainPOP - Metabolism

• BrainPOP - Muscles | Steroids

• BrainPOP - Nutrition

• BrainPOP - Obesity

• BrainPOP - Personal Hygiene | How Soap Works

• BrainPOP - Salt

• BrainPOP - Skeleton | Joints