You Are Growing Cell by Cell

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

4TH GRADE VIRTUAL HEALTH

L23: You Are Growing Cell by Cell| L24: Your Brain & Nervous System: The Control Center for Growth | L25: Your Skin & Its Care | L26: Your Teeth & Their Care | L27: Your Vision & Hearing | L28: Your Posture| L29: Your Physical Fitness | L30: Nutrients & Your Digestive System | L31: Food and the Nutrients It Contains | L32: Using MyPlate | EXTRA: Understanding a Food Label | EXTRA: Preparing Food Safely

Growing Up Healthy

You Are Growing Cell by Cell

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)

LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will know and be able to explain how inherited traits and acquired traits both contribute to making an individual unique.

I will know and be able to describe the parts of a cell and how cells are organized.

I will know and be able to compare growth during the early and late stages of childhood.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

inherited traits - characteristics that were passed on to you from your parents (e.g. red hair like your mother / nose that looks like your father's / blue eyes like both your parents / curly hair like your grandmother's passed to your father that was passed on to you)

cell - the smallest working part of your body

acquired traits - things about you that did not come from either your mother or your father that you developed as a result of your life experiences

cell membrane - holds the cell together (cell wall) / its structure only lets certain materials into the cell

nucleus - the control center of a cell (containing your body's inherited plan) that tells the cell when and how to do its job

cytoplasm - the jellylike fluid inside a cell that contains many tiny structures, including the nucleus

tissue - a group of cells that work together to do a job in the body

organs - groups of tissues joined together to do a special job / your organs include your heart, stomach, and lungs

body systems - several organs working together to get big jobs done, like helping you breathe (respiratory system), digest food (digestive system), carry messages from the brain to other parts of the body (nervous system), and fight off disease (primarily your immune system & partially your lymphatic system)

OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

As you grow, your body will continue to develop as a special person.

Why Learn This?

Learning what causes growth helps you understand the changes that you experience.

WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: You Are Growing Cell by Cell

You've probably heard that no two snowflakes are exactly alike. That's also true of people. No one else is exactly like you. Your special interests, skills, and talents come together to make you a special person.

How did you get your traits?

You have your own special combination of inherited traits (in•HAIR•uh•tid TRAYTS), or characteristics that were passed on to you from your parents. You may have red hair like your mother and a nose that looks like your father's. You may have blue eyes like both your parents. You may even have curly hair like your grandmother's because she passed that trait to your father and he passed it on to you.

Each cell in your body contains a plan for inherited traits from your parents. A cell is the smallest working part of your body. Part of the plan came from your mother. Another part came from your father. The plans from your parents joined to make a new plan just for you. Look at the members of your family. You may see traits that many of your family members share.

Inherited traits also affect what happens inside your body. Your inherited body plan tells your cells when and how to divide and multiply. This message system affects when and how your brain will grow. It controls how fast your body grows and how tall you will become.

Not all of your traits are inherited. Acquired traits (uh-KWYRD TRAYTS) are things about you that did not come from either your mother or your father. You develop acquired traits as a result of your life experiences.

If you join a 4-H club and learn about animal care, you may develop an ability to raise and care for animals. If you grow up near a lake, you may become comfortable around water or skilled at swimming. If your family reads and enjoys books, you may be a good reader who also likes books. Acquired traits change as you learn and develop new interests and skills.

Some scientists are studying inherited and acquired traits. They sometimes disagree about which human traits are inherited and which are acquired. Scientists now think that some traits, such as musical and artistic abilities, are both inherited and acquired. For example, identical twins may share inherited artistic talent, but the twin who takes art lessons and practices drawing and painting will probably become the better artist.

TWINS

When a mother has two babies at the same time, the children are called twins. Identical twins have the same plan for inherited traits. They look exactly alike and are either both boys or both girls. Fraternal twins may not look alike at all because they don't have identical plans for inherited traits. Fraternal twins can be girls, boys, or a girl and a boy.

What happens inside a cell?

Living things are made up of cells. Cells take in food and get rid of waste. They grow, reproduce, and die. There are trillions of cells inside a human being. Each of your cells holds the plan for your growth.

Most cells are so small that they can be seen only through a microscope. Scientists call these tiny units the "building blocks of life." That's because cells combine to make all the parts of your body. Cells make millions of copies of themselves to help you grow.

The cells in your body come in many shapes and sizes. Each cell's shape helps it do its work. Nerve cells have long, wire-like parts that carry signals throughout the body. Red blood cells look like tiny, flat disks. Their flexible shape helps them pass through small spaces as they carry oxygen to the body. Each cell is designed to help your body stay alive.

If you looked at a cell under a microscope, you would see that it has many parts. The cell membrane holds the cell together. Its structure only lets certain materials into the cell. The nucleus (NOO•klee•uhs) is the control center of a cell. It contains your body's inherited plan. It tells the cell when and how to do its job. The cytoplasm (SY•tuh•plazuhm) is the jellylike fluid inside a cell. It contains many tiny structures, including the nucleus. All the parts of a cell work together.

You grew from a single cell. This cell made millions of copies of itself. As the number of cells grew, cells began to form groups. A tissue is a group of cells that work together to do a job in the body.

Your body contains four kinds of tissues. Each is specially designed to do its job. Muscle tissue is made up of long, narrow cells. Muscle tissue cells contract and relax to make your body parts move. Epithelial tissue lines the surfaces inside your body. It also forms the outer layer of your skin. The wide, flat shape of epithelial tissue cells helps protect the outside of your body. Connective tissue, including bone, holds your body up and connects all its parts. Nerve tissue carries messages throughout your body.

Groups of tissues join together in structures called organs. Your organs include your heart, stomach, and lungs. Each organ has a special job to do. Your heart is a complex organ made of mainly muscle tissue. Its job is to pump blood throughout your body. Even your tongue is an organ made of special tissues that work together to help you eat, talk, and taste.

Some jobs inside your body are so big that several organs need to work together to get the job done. These groups of organs form body systems. Body systems help you breathe, digest food, carry messages from the brain to other parts of the body, and fight off disease.

Are you really growing like a weed?

Has anyone ever told you that you've "grown like a weed"? This means you grew taller in a short time. You grew like a weed before the age of two. This time of quick growth was your first growth spurt. At other times you will grow more slowly. As an adult you won't grow taller at all. When and how much you grow are part of the body plan you inherited from your parents.

Between the ages of two and eleven, children grow about 2 or 3 inches each year. As young children, girls and boys are about the same size. This changes when girls have their second growth spurt at about age eleven. Then girls grow faster than boys for about two years, or until boys start their own growth spurt.

As you change and grow from a child to an adult, your looks will change in many ways. Every part of you will grow and develop. During your second growth spurt, the shape and size of your body will change as different body parts grow at different times and rates. For example, some boys' legs get longer before their arms start to grow. Your body shape and size will change many times until you become an adult and stop growing.

Your bones grow in a special way. Growing bones cause your body to change from your nose to your toes.

When you were a baby, some bones in your body were made of a soft tissue. Your ears and the tip of your nose are still made of this material, which bends easily. When you were learning to walk, this soft material made it possible for you to fall without breaking a bone. As you grew taller, your bones became longer, harder, and thicker to support your growing body.

As you get older, you may be curious or even worry about the way you are growing. "Am I ever going to get taller?" "Is my nose too long?" "Why are my feet so big?" Worrying about growth is normal. Remember that everyone grows at his or her own rate. Growth differences are part of what makes you special.

REMEMBER...As you grow, your body will continue to develop as a special person. Learning what causes growth helps you understand the changes that you experience

CLOSING (Evaluate)

• Complete Lesson Checkup

• Finished Early? (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)

  • Watch BrainPOP - Body Systems

    • Watch BrainPOP - Circulatory System

    • Watch BrainPOP - Digestive System

    • Watch BrainPOP - Endocrine System

    • Watch BrainPOP - Nervous System

    • Watch BrainPOP - Respiratory System

    • Watch BrainPOP - Urinary System

  • Senses

    • Watch BrainPOP - Balance

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    • Watch BrainPOP - Hearing

    • Watch BrainPOP - Smell

    • Watch BrainPOP - Taste

    • Watch BrainPOP - Touch

  • Watch BrainPOP - Body Weight

  • Watch BrainPOP - Broken Bones

  • Watch BrainPOP - Carbohydrates

  • Watch BrainPOP - Eating Disorders

  • Watch BrainPOP - Fats

  • Watch BrainPOP - Fitness | At-Home Fitness

  • Watch BrainPOP - Growth

  • Watch BrainPOP - Heart

  • Watch BrainPOP - Metabolism

  • Watch BrainPOP - Muscles | Steroids

  • Watch BrainPOP - Nutrition

  • Watch BrainPOP - Obesity

  • Watch BrainPOP - Personal Hygiene | How Soap Works

  • Watch BrainPOP - Salt

  • Watch BrainPOP - Skeleton | Joints | Scoliosis

Standard(s)

HE4.1a - recognize the relationship between healthy behavior and disease prevention

HE4.3a - identify the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE4.3b - list resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information

HE4.5b - describe the possible consequences of an unhealthy decision and healthy alternatives when making a health-related decision

Essential Question(s)

1. How did you get your traits?

2. What happens inside a cell?

3. Are you really "growing like a weed"?

Big Idea(s)

1. You have your own special combination of inherited traits (in•HAIR•uh•tid TRAYTS), or characteristics that were passed on to you from your parents. You may have red hair like your mother and a nose that looks like your father's. You may have blue eyes like both your parents. You may even have curly hair like your grandmother's because she passed that trait to your father and he passed it on to you. Not all of your traits are inherited. Acquired traits (uh-KWYRD TRAYTS) are things about you that did not come from either your mother or your father. You develop acquired traits as a result of your life experiences.

2. Living things are made up of cells. Cells take in food and get rid of waste. They grow, reproduce, and die. There are trillions of cells inside a human being. Each of your cells holds the plan for your growth. Most cells are so small that they can be seen only through a microscope. Scientists call these tiny units the "building blocks of life." That's because cells combine to make all the parts of your body. Cells make millions of copies of themselves to help you grow.

3. Has anyone ever told you that you've "grown like a weed"? This means you grew taller in a short time. You grew like a weed before the age of two. This time of quick growth was your first growth spurt. At other times you will grow more slowly. As an adult you won't grow taller at all. When and how much you grow are part of the body plan you inherited from your parents.

RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• see below

DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials

• Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 4. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.

Technology

• Google Sites - HPE website

• Chromebook

• large video screens for whole-class viewing

• sound system for sharing of audio

• BrainPOP - Body Systems

  • BrainPOP - Circulatory System

  • BrainPOP - Digestive System

  • BrainPOP - Endocrine System

  • BrainPOP - Nervous System

  • BrainPOP - Respiratory System

  • BrainPOP - Urinary System

• Senses

  • BrainPOP - Balance

  • BrainPOP - Eyes

  • BrainPOP - Hearing

  • BrainPOP - Smell

  • BrainPOP - Taste

  • BrainPOP - Touch

• BrainPOP - Body Weight

• BrainPOP - Broken Bones

• BrainPOP - Carbohydrates

• BrainPOP - Eating Disorders

• BrainPOP - Fats

• WBrainPOP - Fitness | At-Home Fitness

• BrainPOP - Growth

• BrainPOP - Heart

• BrainPOP - Metabolism

• BrainPOP - Muscles | Steroids

• BrainPOP - Nutrition

• BrainPOP - Obesity

• BrainPOP - Personal Hygiene | How Soap Works

• BrainPOP - Salt

• BrainPOP - Skeleton | Joints | Scoliosis