NONInfectious Diseases

HEALTH EDUCATION - EXTRA Lesson

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention (4)

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

SUbstance Abuse & Disease Prevention

Noninfectious Diseases

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)

LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will distinguish between noninfectious and infectious diseases.

I will discuss heart diseases and cancer and explain how skin cancer can be prevented.

I will differentiate among allergies, arthritis, diabetes, and asthma.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

cancer - a noninfectious disease that happens when one kind of cell grows out of control

allergy - a noninfectious disease in which a person has a reaction to a certain thing with symptoms like sneezing, itch and watery eyes, a runny nose, or an itchy rash

arthritis - a noninfectious disease in which the body's joints become swollen and painful

diabetes - a noninfectious disease in which the body cannot properly use sugar

asthma - a noninfectious disease that sometimes causes difficulty in breathing

OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

Some diseases are not infectious. They can't be spread from person to person.

Why Learn This?

Choices you make can affect whether or not you develop noninfectious diseases.

WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: Noninfectious Diseases

You have learned about infectious diseases that spread from one person to another. These diseases are caused by pathogens. Many other diseases, though, are not caused by pathogens. They are noninfectious. Noninfectious diseases can't be spread from one person to another.

What are some heart diseases?

Heart diseases are the leading cause of death for adults in the United States. Some people are more likely than others to have heart disease.

Some people are born with heart disease. Their hearts don't work normally because specific parts aren't shaped correctly. One symptom of this kind of heart disease is a heart murmur. A murmur is a sound that isn't usually made by a healthy heart. Many of these types of heart disease are treated with surgery.

Some adults get heart diseases because they have poor health habits. Poor health habits include eating high-fat diets, no exercising regularly, and using tobacco/nicotine products. Heart diseases often are present in the body for a long time before symptoms develop. When symptoms do develop, they can appear without warning. Some symptoms include chest pain, weakness, and shortness of breath. Sometimes the heart suddenly stops working, causing death. This is why heart diseases are so dangerous.

What is cancer?

Meg's father is putting sunscreen on her face. Sunscreen will protect her skin from the harmful rays of the sun. Even in winter, sun rays can damage skin. Over time such damage can lead to skin cancer.

Cancer is a noninfectious disease that happens when one kind of cell grows out of control. Cancer cells are different from normal body cells. Cancer cells grow faster than normal cells. Sometimes cancer cells for lumps. These lumps can grow in place of other body cells. Cancer cells can keep body cells from working normally. Symptoms of cancer vary, depending on which body cells are not working properly. Many kinds of cancer can be treated and cured if the cancer is found early.

Cancer can grow in people of any age. But some people are more likely to get cancer than other people are. Certain kinds of cancer, such as breast cancer, run in families. Some people who work with dangerous chemicals get cancer of the liver. People who use tobacco often get cancer of the mouth, throat, or lungs. Exposure to the sun can lead to skin cancer. Other kinds of cancer are brain tumors and leukemia. Leukemia is a kind of cancer in which white blood cells grow out of control.

You can help prevent some kinds of cancer. Using sunscreen and not using tobacco products are two things you can do to help prevent cancer.

What are allergies?

Kevin liked to go to his Aunt Sue's farm to ride the horses, milk the cows, and play with her dog and cat. But Kevin sneezed and had itchy eyes every time he went. Aunt Sue said Kevin probably had an allergy to something on the farm. Kevin went to the doctor and found out he has an allergy to cats.

An allergy (A*ler*jee) is a noninfectious disease in which a person has a reaction to a certain thing. Some of the things that cause allergic reactions are animals, plants, medicines, dust, and bee stings. Foods, such as eggs, peanuts, and milk, also can cause allergic reactions. Not all people have allergies. Those who do can be allergic to only one thing or to many things.

Usually allergic reactions have symptoms like sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, a runny nose, or an itchy rash. Some allergic reactions to bee stings and to foods like eggs and peanuts are dangerous. People with these kinds of reactions need medical help right away.

If you have allergies, your doctor may give you medicine to help your symptoms go away. Your doctor also may tell you to avoid the things to which you are allergic. Kevin's doctor told him to stay away from cats. Your doctor may give you allergy shots. Allergy shots make the body less sensitive to the things that cause the allergies. With allergy shots Kevin might even be able to have a cat for a pet.

What is arthritis?

Arthritis (ar*THRY*tuhs) is a noninfectious disease in which the body's joints become swollen and painful. Joints are the places, such as your wrists and knees where your body bends. Both adults and children can get arthritis. But the form of arthritis children get is different from the type adults get. In children the disease usually starts between the ages of two and five years.

Arthritis most commonly affects the knees, wrists, ankles, and elbows. Joints affected with arthritis can be red, swollen, stiff, and painful. Over time the joints stop working normally. Often a child with arthritis has bones that don't grow normally. For example, one leg may grow to be longer than the other. Sometimes arthritis causes a child's growth to slow down or stop. Children with arthritis often miss school because it is so painful for them to move.

There is no cure for arthritis, but doctors can give medicines to help the pain and swelling go away. Often children must do special exercises to help their joints move normally. Sometimes they must wear braces at night to keep their joints from moving. If necessary, doctors can replace nonworking joints with artificial joints.

What is diabetes?

Diabetes (dy*uh*BEE*teez) is a noninfectious disease in which the body cannot properly use sugar. Too much sugar stays in the blood, causing many problems. A person with untreated diabetes feels thirsty and tired. S/he may lose weight. If diabetes is not treated, the extra sugar in the blood damages blood vessels as well as the heart, kidneys, and eyes.

Children with diabetes must learn which foods are not good for them to eat.

What is asthma?

Jamal wears a scarf over his face in cold weather. He always carries his inhaler with him. The inhaler sends medicine directly to Jamal's lungs. Jamal has asthma.

Asthma (AZ*muh) is a noninfectious disease that sometimes causes difficulty in breathing. People who have asthma do not feel ill all the time. They have attacks during which they cannot breathe easily. These asthma attacks are caused, or triggered, by different things. Some of these triggers are allergies, cigarette smoke, dust, exercise, cold air, and diseases like colds and flu that affect the lungs.

Breathing in cold air can trigger an asthma attack. Wearing a scarf or mask helps the body warm the air before it moves into the lungs.

An asthma attack begins with a feeling of tightness in the chest. The it becomes difficult to breathe. A person may begin to wheeze. Wheezing is loud, sometimes squeaky, breathing.

Doctors cannot cure asthma. Sometimes children grow out of the disease. If you have asthma, your doctor will give you medicine to take when you are having an attack. Your doctor may also give you medicine to help your lungs clear. Your doctor will help you identify things that trigger your asthma.

It is NOT true that people with asthma should never exercise. Although exercise can cause asthma attacks, exercise is important for good health. People with asthma usually can avoid such attacks by exercising mildly or by taking medicine before exercising.

REMEMBER...Some diseases are NOT infectious. They can't be spread from person to person. Choices you make can affect whether or not you develop noninfectious diseases.

CLOSING (Evaluate)

Complete Lesson Checkup
Finished Early? (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)
- NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)
  - Watch BrainPOP - Allergies
  - Watch BrainPOP - Alzheimer's Disease
  - Watch BrainPOP - Asthma
  - Watch BrainPOP - Cancer
  - Watch BrainPOP - Cerebral Palsy
  - Watch BrainPOP - Cystic Fibrosis
  - Watch BrainPOP - Diabetes
  - Watch BrainPOP - Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  - Watch BrainPOP - Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  - Watch BrainPOP - Multiple Sclerosis
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)
  - Watch BrainPOP - AIDS
  - Watch BrainPOP - Avian Flu
  - Watch BrainPOP - Chickenpox
  - Watch BrainPOP Jr. - Colds & Flu
  - Watch BrainPOP - Coronavirus
  - Watch BrainPOP - COVID-19 PSA (Public Service Announcement)
  - Watch BrainPOP - COVID-19 Special Report
  - Watch BrainPOP - Ebola
  - Watch BrainPOP - Flu (Influenza)
  - Watch BrainPOP - Lyme Disease
  - Watch BrainPOP - SARS
  - Watch BrainPOP - Smallpox
  - Watch BrainPOP - Swine Flu
  - Watch BrainPOP - Viruses
  - Watch BrainPOP - West Nile Virus
  - Watch BrainPOP - Zika Virus

Standard(s)

HE4.1a - recognize the relationship between health behavior and disease prevention

HE4.1d - describe basic health concepts of personal hygiene and safety

HE4.2b - describe how the school and community can support personal health practices and behaviors

HE4.7a - demonstrate a healthy behavior to improve personal health and wellness

HE4.7b - demonstrate behaviors to reduce health risks

Essential Question(s)

Why is it important to sear sunscreens even during winter months?
Why must people with insulin-dependent diabetes take insulin every day?
How are asthma and respiratory allergies alike? How are they different?

Big Idea(s)

It is important to wear sunscreens even during winter months because although it may no be warm outdoors, the sun still gives off harmful rays that can damage the skin.
People with insulin-dependent diabetes must take insulin every day because their bodies do not produce enough insulin to help move sugars in the body to the body's cells. Without insulin, body cells can't get the sugar they need for energy.
Asthma and respiratory allergies are alike in that they are both noninfectious diseases of the respiratory system. Asthma is a disease of the lungs that is characterized by difficulties in breathing. Most respiratory allergies affect only the nose and throat.

RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

see below

DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials

Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 4. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.

Technology

Google Sites

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