Phraseology

Sentence structures are categorized by clause combinations: Simple (one independent clause), Compound (two+ independent clauses), Complex (one independent + one+ dependent clause), and Compound-Complex (2+ independent + 1+ dependent clauses). These build from basic patterns like Subject-Verb (SV) to more intricate Subject-Verb-Object-Complement (SVOC) forms, creating varied expression.  

1. Simple Sentence

• Structure: One independent clause (Subject + Verb).

• Example: The dog barked. 

2. Compound Sentence

• Structure: Two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or semicolon. 

• Example: The dog barked, and the cat ran away. 

3. Complex Sentence

• Structure: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (starting with subordinating conjunctions like because, although, if). 

• Example: Because the dog barked, the cat ran away. 

4. Compound-Complex Sentence

• Structure: Two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. 

• Example: Because the dog barked, the cat ran away, and the owner woke up. 

Basic Sentence Patterns (by components)

These focus on the essential parts: 

• Subject + Verb (SV): She sings.

• Subject + Verb + Object (SVO): He reads a book.

• Subject + Verb + Complement (SVC): She is happy.

• Subject + Verb + Adjunct (SVA): They arrived yesterday.

• Subject + Verb + Object + Complement (SVOC): They elected him president.

Classifying a sentence can involve different approaches depending on the goal of the classification. Here are some common types of sentence classification:

1. By Purpose

• Declarative: Makes a statement.

  • Example: "She is a doctor."

• Interrogative: Asks a question.

  • Example: "Are you a doctor?"

• Imperative: Gives a command or request.

  • Example: "Please sit down."

• Exclamatory: Expresses strong emotion.

  • Example: "What a beautiful day!"

2. By Sentiment

• Positive: Expresses positive feelings.

  • Example: "I love this movie!"

• Negative: Expresses negative feelings.

  • Example: "I hate waiting in line."

• Neutral: Neither positive nor negative.

  • Example: "The report is due tomorrow."

3. By Grammatical Structure

• Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause.

  • Example: "I enjoy reading."

• Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction.

  • Example: "I enjoy reading, and I also like writing."

• Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

  • Example: "Although I was tired, I finished my homework."

• Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

  • Example: "Although I was tired, I finished my homework, and I went to bed early."

4. By Tone or Style

• Formal: Polished and professional.

  • Example: "We request your presence at the meeting."

• Informal: Casual and conversational.

  • Example: "Hey, wanna hang out later?"

• Sarcastic: Saying the opposite of what you mean, often in a mocking tone.

  • Example: "Oh great, another meeting!"

5. By Function in Discourse

• Topic Sentence: Introduces the main idea of a paragraph or section.

  • Example: "Climate change is a pressing issue that affects all of us."

• Supporting Sentence: Provides details or evidence to support the main idea.

  • Example: "Rising sea levels and extreme weather events are becoming more common."

• Concluding Sentence: Summarizes the paragraph or provides closure.

  • Example: "Therefore, it is crucial that we take action now."

Do you have a specific sentence you'd like to classify or a particular method in mind?